Vedic Soma
In the ancient Vedic tradition, soma was a sacred ritual drink of immense importance, consumed by gods and humans alike.
Nature & Preparation: It was a juice extracted from a plant (identity unknown and debated) by pressing its stalks. The same word, soma, referred to the plant, the drink, and its deity. It was often mixed with water and milk during rituals.
Effects & Significance: Soma was believed to grant immortality (amrita), strength, and heightened consciousness. It was associated with divine power, and gods like Indra and Agni were said to consume it in large quantities. Drinking soma was thought to bring worshippers closer to the gods, enabling them to "go to the light" and find the deities.
Ritual Use: Its preparation and consumption were highly ritualized, central to Vedic sacrifices (yajnas). The entire ninth book of the Rigveda, the oldest Vedic text, is dedicated to Soma Pavamana ("soma being purified").
Plant Identity: The exact plant remains a mystery. Traditional Indian practices use Sarcostemma acidum (Somalata), while scholars have proposed candidates like Amanita muscaria (fly agaric mushroom), Psilocybin mushrooms, Peganum harmala, or Ephedra.