TYB
M5 Solar Flare - Big Sunspots Keep Erupting | S0 News
Nov.3.2025
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t517gxKGaUE
https://www.space.com/live/aurora-forecast-will-the-northern-lights-be-visible-tonight
https://x.com/SunWeatherMan
https://spaceweathernews.com/
https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/
https://x.com/StefanBurnsGeo
Hyper-Geometry APPEARS above 3I/Atlas in Lowell Image October 31.5, 2025
November 2, 3035
As my model predicted, with the images I revealed of the HUGE abject at approximately 11:00 from LASCO, above the trajectory of 3I/Atlas — Lowell appears to have confirmation.
NASA will call this an artifact of the camera probably due to it’s strange geometry!
This is the above image adjusted with shadows, contrast in an iphone 17 Pro Max by Ayrica in CT. This data is really in the image.
It looks like a megastructure with cubic geometry coming out of a Venus Flytrap double vesica piscis geometry.
https://medium.com/@davidsereda/hyper-geometry-appears-above-3i-atlas-in-lowell-image-october-31-5-2025-07f753b8c2e1
https://medium.com/@davidsereda/nasa-lasco-images-reveal-what-may-be-3i-atlas-stunning-geometry-82fd0c428461
https://avi-loeb.medium.com/gravitational-lensing-of-3i-atlas-by-the-sun-f4ca18720d65
https://avi-loeb.medium.com/the-scientific-revolution-of-interstellar-objects-b305eb3f3270
https://avi-loeb.medium.com/kim-kardashian-is-welcome-to-join-my-research-team-on-3i-atlas-975ea3356581
https://news.ssbcrack.com/nasa-detects-fingerprint-of-water-on-ancient-interstellar-comet-3i-atlas/
Campaign launched to make Ace Frehley a posthumous NASA astronaut
November 3, 2025
A campaign has been launched calling on NASA to make Ace Frehley a posthumous honorary astronaut.
Guitar legend Ace Frehley, who sadly died aged 74 on 16th October, adopted the iconic Space Ace / The Spaceman persona shortly after KISS’ formation in 1973.
Frehley’s persona was inspired by his keen interest in science fiction and space travel, and he embraced these interstellar themes on KISS’s seminal track ‘Rocket Ride’ and numerous solo songs and albums.
Over the weekend, a KISS fan called Kathryn started a change.org petition directed at NASA and entitled ‘Posthumously Make Ace Frehley An Honorary Astronaut (He Deserves Nothing Less)’.
Explaining why she wants Ace to be honoured, Kathryn wrote: ‘On October 16, 2025, the world lost not just a legend, not just a rock icon, but also a good man.
Paul Daniel “Ace” Frehley, at the tender age of 21, was brave enough to take one small orange step and one small red step, and make the giant leap into the global phenomenon that we all now know as KISS.
And while MOST of his dreams ended up coming true, at least ONE did NOT.
‘When he suddenly passed away from a brain bleed following a head injury at 74, he was still only merely PLAYING the character of a Space Cadet. He NEVER got to be one for REAL.
In honour of his memory, all the lives directly and indirectly impacted by him, and his one last remaining unfulfilled wish, NASA should posthumously make Ace Frehley an honorary astronaut with the rank of “Captain”, because a celestial being of his calibre doesn’t deserve anything less of a send-off than this. His last countdown should be his absolute BEST!’
The petition has so far attracted 400 signatures, and you can sign it right here. NASA is yet to respond.
Ace Frehley’s close friend, US radio host Eddie Trunk, revealed on 22nd October that Ace’s family have given him their blessing to explore the idea of a tribute concert for the late-great KISS guitarist.
“I have been given the okay by his family to explore a tribute concert / fan celebration,” Trunk said.
“When I have any real news on this I’ll let you know. Extremely early and just talk at the moment, but we all feel it’s important to happen for the fans and all the players he influenced.”
https://hellorayo.co.uk/planet-rock/news/rock-news/ace-frehley-astronaut
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDCu0bwocqWVSnh5Gh-4TkQ
https://www.change.org/p/posthumously-make-ace-frehley-an-honorary-astronaut-he-deserves-nothing-less
The future of propellantless space travel
November 3, 2025
For over a century, rocket propulsion has followed a simple principle; burn fuel, expel it backward, and Newton's third law pushes you forward.
Since Konstantin Tsiolkovsky first formulated the rocket equation in 1903, spacecraft have carried their propellant with them, limiting mission capabilities by the mass ratios.
The more fuel you carry, the heavier your rocket becomes, requiring even more fuel to lift that fuel, in a vicious cycle that makes interstellar travel seem impossibly distant. But what if spacecraft didn't need to carry propellant at all?
That's the tantalizing possibility explored in a comprehensive new review posted to the arXiv preprint server that examines propellantless propulsion methods for space exploration.
These systems tap into natural forces and external energy sources rather than chemical combustion, potentially enabling missions that would be completely impossible with conventional rockets.
The simplest propellantless technique has been flying spacecraft for decades, the gravity assist. By carefully timing a close approach to a planet, engineers can steal a tiny fraction of that world's orbital momentum, flinging the spacecraft to higher speeds without burning fuel.
The Voyager probes used this maneuver to visit all four outer planets. The technique works brilliantly, but you need planets in exactly the right positions, making mission opportunities rare and trajectories inflexible.
Solar sails offer more continuous and convenient propulsion by harnessing radiation pressure from sunlight.
These enormous membranes reflect photons to generate thrust, accelerating slowly but persistently without fuel. Japan's IKAROS probe demonstrated the technology in 2010, successfully traveling to Venus on sunlight alone.
However, solar sails require vast, gossamer thin materials that must survive harsh space conditions for years, and their performance drops dramatically with distance from the sun.
Magnetic sails take a different approach, using superconducting loops to generate powerful magnetic fields that deflect the solar wind, the stream of charged particles constantly flowing from the sun.
By pushing against this plasma, magnetic sails create thrust without consuming propellant. They potentially offer better acceleration than solar sails and wouldn't degrade over time like reflective membranes.
The catch? Creating the necessary magnetic field requires enormous superconducting coils, potentially 50 kilometers in radius, maintained at cryogenic temperatures. The technology to build and deploy such structures simply doesn't exist yet.
Electric sails represent a newer variant, using charged tethers rather than magnetic fields to repel solar wind protons.
These systems promise lighter spacecraft than magnetic sails, though they too depend on deploying extremely long, lightweight wires and require significant electrical power to maintain the necessary charge.
Each propellantless method offers unique advantages while facing distinct engineering hurdles.
Gravity assists work now but demand precise planetary alignments. Solar sails provide steady thrust but need massive, delicate structures. Magnetic and electric sails avoid material degradation but require technologies still in development.
The review makes clear that no single approach solves every challenge, but together these methods could fundamentally transform how we explore the solar system and beyond.
For truly ambitious missions to interstellar space, leaving the propellant behind may not just be advantageous, it may be absolutely essential.
https://phys.org/news/2025-11-future-propellantless-space.html
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.21743
Hubble Space Telescope Snaps New Image of NGC 4102
Nov 3, 2025
NGC 4102 is located about 55.4 million light-years away in the northern constellation of Ursa Major.
This intermediate spiral galaxy was discovered by the German-British astronomer William Herschel on April 12, 1789.
Also known as UGC 7096, NGC 4102 is home to an active galactic nucleus.
“Active galactic nuclei are luminous galactic centers powered by supermassive black holes that contain millions to billion times the mass of our Sun,” the Hubble astronomers said in a statement.
“As these black holes ensnare gas from their surroundings and draw it close with their intense gravitational pull, the gas becomes so hot that it begins to glow and emits light from X-ray to radio wavelengths.”
“NGC 4102 provides an ideal opportunity to study the ways in which active galactic nuclei interact with their home galaxies,” they said.
“Active galactic nuclei come in many different flavors, from extremely powerful types that consume massive amounts of matter and shoot out jets of charged particles, to calmer types that sip gas from their surroundings and glow more faintly.”
“NGC 4102 likely falls into the latter category. It’s classified as Compton-thick — a way of saying that its nucleus is obscured by a thick layer of gas — and a low-ionization nuclear emission-line region (LINER).”
“LINER galaxies are identified by emission lines from certain weakly ionized elements, and they can be powered by a supermassive black hole that is lazily collecting gas from around it.”
A previous image of NGC 4102, made from data taken with Hubble’s Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2), was released in 2014.
“The new version presents an upgraded view of the galaxy, using data from Hubble’s Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3), which replaced WFPC2 in 2009 and improved upon its resolution and field of view,” the researchers said.
“The new observations come from a program that will combine visible-light images from Hubble with X-ray information from the Chandra X-ray Observatory to study the relationship between NGC 4102 and its active galactic nucleus.”
https://www.sci.news/astronomy/hubble-new-image-ngc-4102-14324.html
4K Views of Earth from Space 🌎 | This Week in Orbit | Relaxing footage from the ISS
Nov 1, 2025
Captured by Sen’s ultra-high-definition cameras on the International Space Station, this 15-minute journey shows our planet in 4K detail from orbit. From the glowing cities to hurricanes over the Caribbean.
Relax, unwind, and let Earth’s natural rhythms and colors inspire you. Each clip was filmed this week from multiple cameras — including Sen’s Horizon, Nadir, and Docking cameras — aboard the ISS.
🎥 Every scene is filmed continuously in real time by Sen’s orbiting cameras, bringing you the beauty of Earth as seen from space. Whether you watch to unwind, meditate, or marvel at our home planet, this series offers a unique perspective.
🌎 Featured Locations (Timestamps)
00:00 – Bushfires across Queensland, Australia
00:20 – The Sahara Desert, Libya
00:40 – Approaching West Africa, Atlantic Ocean
01:00 – Morocco, West Africa
01:20 – The Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA
01:40 – New York City & Long Island, USA
02:00 – Huntsville, Alabama, USA
02:20 – The Bahamas, Caribbean
02:40 – Chatham Islands, South Pacific Ocean
03:00 – Lightning over Argentina
03:20 – Curitiba, Brazil
03:40 – Oruro & Cochabamba, Bolivia
04:00 – Paris, France
04:20 – Mountains of Kyrgyzstan, Asia
04:40 – Taklamakan Desert, China
05:00 – Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
05:20 – Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
05:40 – Mount Etna, Sicily, Italy
06:00 – Strait of Gibraltar, Mediterranean Sea
06:20 – Contrails over Richmond, Virginia, USA
06:40 – Hurricane Melissa, Caribbean (Day 1)
07:00 – Hurricane Melissa, Caribbean (Day 2)
07:20 – Hurricane Melissa beneath SpaceX Dragon, Mexico
07:40 – Dragon CRS-33 over Peru & Bolivia (timelapse)
08:00 – Shadows over SpaceX Dragon CRS-33, Indian Ocean (sunset)
08:20 – Virgin Islands, Caribbean
08:40 – Hurricane Melissa below SpaceX Dragon, Caribbean
09:00 – Chile & the Andes Mountains, South America
09:20 – Passing by the Hawaiian Islands, Pacific Ocean
09:40 – South Island, New Zealand
10:00 – Iceberg A23a, South Atlantic Ocean
10:20 – Kolkata, India
10:40 – Astana, Kazakhstan
11:00 – Naples & Bari, Italy
11:20 – Abu Dhabi, Dubai & Palm Jebel Ali, UAE
11:40 – Desert geology, Oman
12:00 – Masirah Island, Oman
12:20 – The Sahara Desert, Egypt
12:40 – Toshka Lakes & Lake Nasser, Egypt
13:00 – HTV-X1 above city lights & lightning, Indonesia
13:20 – HTV-X1 above LED fishing fleets, South Korea & Japan
13:40 – HTV-X1 over the Rocky Mountains, Denver, USA
14:00 – HTV-X1 over Dallas, Texas, USA
14:20 – HTV-X1 over the Cayman Islands, Caribbean
14:40 – Closing credits
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J54Jqh1xkho
https://www.sen.com/live
https://www.itv.com/watch?channel=fast22
Computer chip manufacturing is moving to space
Nov 2 2025 - 7:58 pm PT
A new company emerged from space last week that plans to take the manufacturing of one of the most important components of computer chips and put it in space.
Why? Not for the weightlessness, but for the vacuum.
Beskar Space Industries emerged from stealth last week with a plan to move semiconductor manufacturing to space.
Using what it calls “Fabships,” the company plans to launch its reusable payload into orbit around Earth, produce semiconductors, and return to harvest its reward.
The company signed a launch deal to send 24 of its “Fabships” into space on its Falcon 9 rocket, two at a time, and its first launch could take place as soon as this year.
Ashley Pilipiszyn, founder and CEO of Besxar and a former OpenAI employee, explains that the world needs better-made semiconductors and to do that, you have to do it in a vacuum.
She says that many Earth-based manufacturers are already investing in vacuum technology to get a better, more perfect vacuum, but that it is difficult.
On Earth, the closest anyone has gotten to a similar vacuum that can be found in space was at CERN.
However, even just mentioning CERN, which houses the Large Hadron Collider, a machine designed to recreate the creation of the universe, means it’s extremely expensive.
In space, the vacuum is perfect and is in a constant, stable state.
While better performance for whenever GTA 6 comes out would be great, it sounds like Beskar is targeting the data center market for its semiconductors.
https://spaceexplored.com/2025/11/02/computer-chip-manufacturing-is-moving-to-space/
Sentinel-1D and Ariane 6 ready for liftoff
03/11/2025
ESA / Applications / Observing the Earth / Copernicus / Sentinel-1
The Sentinel-1D satellite is in position on the launch pad at Europe’s spaceport in French Guiana – ready for liftoff on board the Ariane 6 launcher.
The satellite will join the Sentinel-1 mission, to provide radar vision for the Copernicus Earth observation programme, shedding light on our changing world, enabling us to address the challenges of climate change, and supplying a wealth of radar imagery to aid disaster response.
Watch the launch broadcast on ESA Web TV, starting at 21:15 CET, Tuesday, 4 November, with liftoff expected at 22:02 CET.
Observing our changing world
The Sentinel-1 mission delivers high-resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images of Earth’s surface whenever needed, in all weathers, day-and-night.
This service is used by disaster response teams, environmental agencies, maritime authorities, climate scientists, and the wider Earth observation user community worldwide, who depend on frequent updates of critical data.
Sentinel-1 data contributes to numerous Copernicus services and applications, including Arctic sea-ice monitoring, iceberg tracking, routine sea-ice mapping and glacier-velocity measurements.
It also plays a vital role in marine surveillance, such as oil-spill detection, ship tracking for maritime security and monitoring illegal fishing activities.
Additionally, it is widely used for observing ground deformation caused by subsidence, earthquakes and volcanic activity, as well as for mapping forests, water and soil resources.
The mission is crucial in supporting humanitarian aid and responding to crises worldwide.
Cutting-edge technology for enhanced data
Sentinel-1D will join its twin in orbit, Sentinel-1C. When fully commissioned, it will replace Sentinel-1A, which has been in service for more than 11 years, well beyond its planned lifetime.
The Sentinel-1D and Sentinel-1C satellites will work in tandem, orbiting on opposite sides of the globe, 180° apart, to optimise global coverage and data delivery.
Both satellites carry a C-band SAR instrument on board, together with an Automatic Identification System (AIS) instrument – so while capturing high-resolution imagery of Earth’s surface, the mission also improves detection and tracking of ships over maritime zones.
When Sentinel-1D is fully operational, it will enhance AIS observations, including more data on vessel identity, location and direction of travel, and precise tracking.
Sentinel-1D and Sentinel-1C are both compatible with the Galileo navigation system, as well as other Global Navigation Satellite Systems.
About Ariane 6
Sentinel-1D was launched on an Ariane 6 rocket, flight VA 265, equipped with two boosters for this liftoff. Ariane 6 is Europe’s heavy launcher and a key element of ESA’s efforts to ensure autonomous access to space for Europe’s citizens.
Its modular and versatile design allows it to launch missions into low-Earth orbit as well as those destined to go much further into deep space.
Standing more than 60 metres tall, Ariane 6 can weigh almost 900 tonnes when launched with a full payload.
https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/Copernicus/Sentinel-1/Sentinel-1D_and_Ariane_6_ready_for_liftoff
https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/Copernicus/Sentinel-1/Sentinel-1_mission_did_you_know
https://www.youtube.com/@EuropeanSpaceAgency
https://watch.esa.int/
>What if everything you believe about life, death, and consciousness is just the surface layer?
probably considering we barely know anything about it
https://interestingengineering.com/science/alternate-reality-in-dreams
https://www.esa.int/Space_Safety/Planetary_Defence/Europe_must_be_able_to_predict_and_prevent_asteroid_impacts
https://www.esa.int/Space_Safety/Space_Safety_Programme_at_2025_Ministerial_Council
Europe must be able to predict and prevent asteroid impacts
November 3, 2025
With its Council Ministerial 2025 proposal, ESA’s Space Safety Programme is expanding its efforts in Planetary Defence.
The proposal strengthens Europe’s ability to predict and prevent asteroid impacts, reinforces ESA’s commitment to protecting life on Earth, and encourages European industry to develop new technologies.
Recent years have brought planetary defence into the global spotlight.
High-profile discoveries and missions such as asteroid 2024 YR4, interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS, the NASA DART and ESA Hera missions, and renewed interest in the asteroid Apophis, have all captured public attention.
ESA is ready to demonstrate that planetary defence is a vital public service, and to inspire and reassure citizens across Europe and beyond.
ESA’s CM25 Planetary Defence proposal will:
Ensure the NEOCC remains a world leader in planetary defence
ESA’s Near-Earth Object Coordination Centre (NEOCC) is the operational heart of the Agency’s Planetary Defence activities. The NEOCC is responsible for:
• Asteroid observations: The Centre conducts observations of asteroids and comets with ESA assets, such as the Test Bed Telescopes, and coordinates observations from partners. It will also commission and manage ESA’s Flyeye asteroid survey telescopes.
• Risk assessment: The Centre calculates the trajectories of all near-Earth objects observed by or for ESA, and independently determines the impact risk of all objects submitted to the Minor Planet Center in the USA, the international hub for asteroid observations.
ESA’s quick-warning system ‘Meerkat’ and long-term impact warning system ‘Aegis’ play an important role in global planetary defence efforts and are being upgraded to accommodate the rapid rise in data quantity and quality generated by new telescopes.
• Information provision: The NEOCC issues information about asteroids passing close to Earth and potential impacts via its web portal. Detailed impact effect analyses are distributed upon request to National and Multinational stakeholders and will be expanded to include new types of information to support decision-makers.
Develop new planetary defence capabilities for Europe
A major focus in the coming years will be the research and development of additional capabilities and technologies for Europe, including but not limited to:
• European near-Earth object radar observation capabilities. US radar observations were famously responsible for confirming that the asteroid Apophis will not impact Earth.
• A lightweight, space-based camera system to detect meteor fireballs in Earth’s atmosphere.
• Collaboration with space surveillance activities in other domains.
• The development and onboarding of AI-based asteroid detection and risk assessment tools.
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Establish a robust European Near-Earth Object survey system
Flyeye telescopes: ESA’s Flyeye asteroid survey telescope are custom-designed to autonomously scan the night sky each night on the hunt for new asteroids, particularly those with a chance of impacting Earth within the next 100 years. The first Flyeye will soon be deployed on the island of Sicily, Italy.
Flyeye will be most effective as a globally distributed network of telescopes. Funding in the coming period will support the operations of Flyeye-1 and the completion and deployment of Flyeye-2, in South America.
Telescope Array: ESA is also working to complement Europe’s existing asteroid discovery and follow-up capabilities by establishing an array of telescopes around the globe that will be developed, deployed and operated by industry. The coming years will see the deployment of the first unit of the array.
Cover Earth’s largest asteroid blind spot (NEOMIR)
The Near-Earth Object Mission in the Infra-Red (NEOMIR) will close a large blind spot on the dayside hemisphere of Earth. Here, bright sunlight prevents the detection of asteroids with optical, ground-based telescopes.
Hunting asteroids in the infrared, NEOMIR will enable us to detect impact hazards similar to the Chelyabinsk event in advance for the first time.
Funding secured at CM25 will be used to de-risk and mature the technology of critical spacecraft components, such as the infrared sensors and the cooling system. A launch is targeted in the mid-2030s.
Demonstrate a fast, cheap method for asteroid reconnaissance (Satis)
The two CubeSat’s carried by ESA’s first asteroid mission, Hera, are demonstrating the potential of small spacecraft for the exploration of deep-space objects.
ESA’s Satis mission will go a step further by using a 12U-XL CubeSat to independently reach and explore a near-Earth object.
CubeSat’s can be developed and launched at a fraction of the cost of traditional deep-space missions, making Satis a game-changer for Europe’s Fast Asteroid Reconnaissance capability.
Funding is requested to develop and mature the remaining technology necessary to complete the demonstrator mission.
Explore ion-beam asteroid deflection (PAN)
The NASA DART and ESA Hera missions are demonstrating the use of a kinetic impactor to deflect an asteroid. However, DART’s impact on the asteroid Dimorphos produced some unexpected results, likely due to our uncertainty about the interior structure of the asteroid.
Asteroids are diverse, and we will need multiple proven deflection methods in order to reliably protect our planet. ESA is working with partners to evaluate alternative, contactless methods for asteroid deflection that may be better suited to mitigate certain dangerous objects.
The Precision Asteroid Nudging (PAN) spacecraft would direct an ion-beam electric propulsion system towards an asteroid over a prolonged period of time in order to impart a small but continuous force and change the asteroid’s trajectory.
This type of mission is recommended by the UN-endorsed Space Missions Advisory Planning Group (SMPAG) and would see European industry develop new technological capabilities.
If funding is secured, ESA will initiate the mission’s study phase.
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Baykar’s Fergani Space launches second indigenous satellite into orbit
November 03, 2025 12:00 PM GMT+03:00
FGN-100-D2, the second satellite fully developed with national resources by Fergani Space and Türkiye’s largest private-sector satellite, has successfully embarked on its journey into space.
Founded by Baykar Chairman and CTO Selcuk Bayraktar, Fergani Space Technologies launched its FGN-100-D2 satellite—developed with national engineering capabilities—from the Cape Canaveral SLC-40 Base at 8:09 a.m. Türkiye time on Nov. 2.
The launch marked the successful completion of the second phase of Fergani Space’s Positioning Constellation Satellite Project.
Mission commenced in space
Weighing 104 kilograms, FGN-100-D2—Türkiye’s largest private-sector satellite—was carried into space as part of SpaceX’s Bandwagon-4 mission.
Approximately 74 minutes after launch, at 9:23 a.m. Türkiye time, it separated from the launch vehicle and successfully reached its target orbit. The satellite then transmitted its first telemetry data, officially beginning its mission.
First step taken in January
Fergani Space completed the first step of the project on Jan. 14, with the successful launch of its first satellite, FGN-100-D1.
The 102-kilogram satellite was launched from the Vandenberg Space Force Base under the Transporter-12 mission. About 62 minutes after liftoff, it entered orbit and began transmitting telemetry data.
'Our satellite has successfully reached space'
The launch was monitored by Fergani Space CEO Selcuk Bayraktar and his team from the Space Observation and Control Center at the Ozdemir Bayraktar National Technology Center.
Following the launch, Bayraktar said: “Our second satellite, FGN-100-D2, developed by our Fergani Space venture, has successfully reached space.
This satellite is a 100-kilogram-class test satellite for the Ulug Bey Global Positioning System that we will build. Founded in 2022, Fergani Space continues its journey with 135 teammates.
We develop our satellites entirely with our own resources. We expect the satellite’s mission duration to be between five and seven years. Its engineering, systems, and design were developed entirely by our teammates at Fergani.”
'Target: Ulug Bey global positioning system'
Bayraktar also outlined Fergani’s long-term vision: “Our goal is to reach more than 100 satellites within five years and to put our Ulug Bey Global Positioning System into service independently for Türkiye and all friendly and brotherly nations.”
'Next step: The orbital transfer vehicle'
He added that Fergani Space will continue its work on the orbital transfer vehicle (OTV): “In addition to these efforts, we are also developing our orbital transfer vehicle.
In the coming days, its launch will be carried out together with a small test satellite. Our teammates are also continuing the design of our launch vehicle to gain the capability of independently reaching space.
May it be auspicious for our nation and homeland.”
To orbit the Earth 15 times a day
Developed by Fergani Space engineers using national resources, FGN-100-D2 will operate in low Earth orbit (LEO) at an altitude of approximately 510 kilometers.
Traveling at a speed of 7.6 kilometers per second, the satellite will orbit the Earth about 15 times a day.
Strengthening Türkiye’s space ecosystem
In orbit, FGN-100-D2 will test operational, telemetry and telecommand communication, positioning, and payload communication capabilities.
The indigenous satellite was developed entirely by the Fergani engineering team with domestically produced avionics equipment, national software integration, a green propulsion engine, structural design, and environmental testing.
With this mission, Türkiye’s journey toward independence in space technologies has advanced to a new stage.
https://www.turkiyetoday.com/nation/baykars-fergani-space-launches-second-indigenous-satellite-into-orbit-3209388
https://www.trtworld.com/article/412caf6edd6a
Rocket City shines at "Space Prom"
November 3, 2025
The Huntsville Chapter of the National Space Club held its 37th Annual Wernher Von Braun Memorial Dinner last Wednesday night, lovingly dubbed "Space Prom."
Why it matters: Huntsville's reputation as the Rocket City is hard-earned, and the annual Space Club gala is a chance for the folks who keep it going to dress up and celebrate the space community's stars.
Zoom in: The highlight of the dinner was the Dr. Wernher Von Braun Space Flight Trophy, awarded to Capt. Sunita (Suni) Williams and Capt. Barry "Butch" Wilmore.
Wilmore and Williams crewed the Boeing Starliner test flight last year, when a planned eight-day stay on the International Space Station stretched to nine months.
Stunning stat: Total, Wilmore has logged 464 days in space and Williams 608. Williams, who couldn't make it Wednesday, has logged 62-plus hours of spacewalks, the most by any woman and fourth overall for NASA.
Context: After entering the astronaut corps, Wilmore said he "got what they call the engines job, and that means I was the guy that came to Huntsville, Alabama … and I was here a lot for the next 15 years, from 2002-2018."
That training in Huntsville, Wilmore said, helped him on the Starliner mission to understand things he otherwise wouldn't have, "and brought me through some fairly perilous times within the last year and half."
"I worked with many of you – many of you mentored me," he said to the Space Club crowd Wednesday. "Nobody knew engines and solid rocket booster and external tank better than me, and that was because of you."
Driving the news: New this year is the National Security Space Award, which went to Ret. Lt. Gen. Dan Karbler, who formerly led the U.S. Army Space and Missile Defense Command.
Karbler was an advisor for and an actor along with Idris Elba and Rebecca Ferguson in the new Netflix film "House of Dynamite," which takes a realistic look at how an unattributed nuclear missile launch on the U.S. would unfold.
Heading into the weekend, it was ranked the No. 2 film on Netflix. In an interview played at the event, Karbler called the film "super realistic."
Catch up quick: Also awarded was the Distinguished Science Award (James Webb Telescope team), Educator of the Year Award (Mrinal Joshi, teacher at Journey Middle School in Madison) and the Jack Lee Service Award (Rick Chappell).
The Dread Pirate Robotics team nabbed the Rising Star Award, Larry Leopard the Astronautics Engineering Award, and Jeffrey Kluger received the Communications Award.
The bottom line: "There's one thing we know," Wilmore said. "The road to space goes through Huntsville, Alabama."
https://www.axios.com/local/huntsville/2025/11/03/rocket-city-shines-at-space-prom-huntsville-nasa-starliner
Scientists discover oldest air on record trapped in 6-million-year-old Antarctic ice
November 3, 2025
Antarctica is far more than just a bucket-list destination for travelers and a home for penguins.
It's a veritable time machine, holding evidence from millions of years of Earth's climatic history deep within the ice.
Scientists working with the Center for Oldest Ice Exploration (COLDEX) have collected the oldest directly dated ice cores ever drilled: 6 million years old.
In studying the air and water from the samples, they glimpsed the climate of the ancient Earth, when the planet was warmer than it is today and sea levels were higher — and discovered evidence of a long-term cooling period.
Led by Sarah Shackleton of Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and John Higgins of Princeton University, the team collected the sample from the Allan Hills of East Antarctica, where the topography of the landscape brings ancient ice nearer to the surface.
While the researchers expected to find ice up to 3 million years old here, the sample greatly exceeded expectations.
"The team has built up a library of what we call 'climate snapshot'’ roughly six times older than any previously reported ice core data, complementing the more detailed younger data from cores in the interior of Antarctica," COLDEX Director Ed Brook, a paleoclimatologist from Oregon State University, said in a statement.
Tapping into the air bubbles frozen into the ice, scientists measured an argon isotope to date the sample.
Then, looking into oxygen isotopes in the ice, the team discovered there was a long-term cooling period during the Pliocene era; it appeared that the Earth cooled about 22 degrees Fahrenheit (12 degrees Celsius) over this period.
The team will continue to study these samples through the lens of climate change, analyzing and reconstructing levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases and ocean heat.
They'll also return to Allan Hill to drill more cores — and hopefully find even more ancient ice.
"Given the spectacularly old ice we have discovered at Allan Hills, we also have designed a comprehensive longer-term new study of this region to try to extend the records even further in time, which we hope to conduct between 2026 and 2031," said Brooks.
The team's research was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on October 28, 2025.
https://www.space.com/astronomy/earth/scientists-discover-oldest-air-on-record-trapped-in-6-million-year-old-antarctic-ice
https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2502681122
Kiev has received more Patriot missile systems – Zelensky
3 Nov, 2025 01:05
Kiev has received additional US-made Patriot air defense systems from Germany, Ukrainian leader Vladimir Zelensky has said.
Ukraine has been pressing its Western backers for more long-range weapons, including Tomahawk cruise missiles and additional Patriot batteries.
The New York Times reported in May that although the country possessed eight Patriot systems, only six were operational.
In a post on X on Sunday, Zelensky thanked German Chancellor Friedrich Merz. “Our agreements have been fulfilled. More Patriots are now in Ukraine and being put into operation,” he wrote.
“Of course, more systems are needed to protect key infrastructure sites and our cities across the entire territory of Ukraine, and we will continue working to obtain them – not only at the political level with states and leaders but also directly with manufacturers of all necessary air defense systems and missiles for them,” he added.
The Russian Defense Ministry claims it has destroyed around 40 Patriot launchers since 2023.
While US President Donald Trump has declined to supply Ukraine with Tomahawks, he has allowed NATO countries to purchase American weapons on Kiev’s behalf.
Moscow has maintained that no amount of foreign aid will change the situation on the battlefield in Ukraine’s favor.
Last month, Zelensky said Ukraine and the US were preparing a contract for 25 Patriot systems.
He added that deliveries could take years unless EU states demonstrate “goodwill” by prioritizing Kiev or transferring systems they already possess.
With each system costing about $1 billion, Ukraine hopes to finance the purchases through an EU loan backed by frozen Russian assets.
Russia has condemned any attempt to confiscate its assets as theft.
https://www.rt.com/news/627273-ukraine-receives-new-patriot-systems/
Putin and Xi ‘not to be toyed with’ – Trump
3 Nov, 2025 08:40
US President Donald Trump has praised his Russian and Chinese counterparts as “very strong leaders,” calling Vladimir Putin and Xi Jinping “tough,” “smart,” and “not to be toyed with.”
Trump made the remarks in a ‘60 Minutes’ interview on CBS on Sunday – his first appearance on the program in five years – after his previous sit-down ended with him walking out and accusing the network of bias.
Asked by the interviewer who is tougher to deal with, Xi or Putin, Trump replied: “Both.”
“Both tough. Both smart. Both – look, they’re both very strong leaders. These are people not to be toyed with. These are people you have to take very seriously,” he said, adding that neither of them like to engage in small talk.
“They’re not – they’re not walking in saying, ‘Oh, isn’t it a beautiful day? Look how beautiful. The Sun is shining, it’s so nice.’ These are serious people. These are people that are tough, smart leaders,” Trump said.
Trump later said both Russia and China have large stockpiles of nuclear weapons, and that he has discussed denuclearization with both nations.
On US-China ties, Trump insisted that despite challenges, he and the Chinese leader “get along great,” adding that after months of tensions, they reached a trade deal that he is largely satisfied with.
“We got no rare-earth threat… We have tremendous amounts of dollars pouring in, because we have very big tariffs, almost 50%.”
He also reiterated that he has “a very good relationship” with Putin and blamed his predecessor, Joe Biden, for the “stupid” Ukraine conflict.
“That was a war that would’ve never happened if I was president,” he said, adding that Putin also acknowledged this.
He went on to repeat his claim that he has resolved eight wars since returning to the White House this year – mostly by using trade as leverage – and insisted he can use the same means to secure a ceasefire for Ukraine “in a couple of months.”
“We’re gonna get it done… [Putin] wants to come in and he wants to trade with us, and he wants to make a lot of money for Russia, and I think that’s great.”
https://www.rt.com/news/627276-trump-xi-putin-tough/
Trump thinks Maduro’s days are numbered
3 Nov, 2025 06:51
US President Donald Trump has suggested that Venezuelan leader Nicolas Maduro’s days as president could be numbered.
This comes amid a military buildup in the Caribbean, with media reports suggesting that the US is preparing for a land strike in Venezuela.
The US has offered a bounty for the arrest of Maduro, who Trump has accused of running “narcoterrorist” cartels that smuggle drugs into the US.
He has deployed US naval assets to the western Caribbean and authorized overwhelming force in international waters on vessels alleged to be trafficking drugs.
Maduro has rejected Trump’s accusations, claiming the US president is “fabricating a new war.”
Asked by CBS in an interview that aired on Sunday whether he thinks Maduro’s days as president of Venezuela are numbered, Trump replied: “I would say yeah. I think so, yeah.”
He was also asked whether the US military buildup – described by the channel as “using a blowtorch to cook an egg” – was aimed at stopping narcotics or “getting rid of President Maduro.”
“No, this is about many things. This is a country that allowed their prisons to be emptied into our country,” Trump said.
The US president neither confirmed nor denied reports of a possible land strike. “I’m not saying it’s true or untrue,” he told the host.
“I don’t talk to a reporter about whether or not I’m gonna strike… I’m not gonna tell you what I’m gonna do with Venezuela.”
Several outlets reported last week that the White House is considering operations inside the country and has identified potential targets, including drug-smuggling sites.
The US has reportedly deployed about 10,000 soldiers, 6,000 sailors, and eight Navy warships to the region, while the USS Gerald R. Ford carrier group is expected later this week. F-35 jets are also stationed in Puerto Rico.
Caracas has condemned the buildup as a violation of sovereignty and an attempted coup, while reportedly seeking support from Russia, China, and Iran. Russia, which ratified a new partnership with Venezuela last week, expressed “strong support for the Venezuelan leadership in defending national sovereignty.”
https://www.rt.com/news/627275-maduros-days-are-numbered-trump/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wQPTUa8vxRU (President Donald Trump: The 2025 60 Minutes Interview)