HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF U.S. RDAs / DRIs (1941–2025)| Edition | Year | Key Milestones & Changes | # Nutrients | # Life Stages ||---------|------|---------------------------|-------------|---------------|| 1st | 1941 | • Wartime emergency | 9 | 10 || | | • Prevent deficiency | | || | | • Calories, Protein, Ca, | | || | | Fe, A, C, B1, B2, Niacin| | ||---------+------+---------------------------+-------------+---------------|| 2nd | 1945 | • Post-WWII update | 10 | 12 || | | • Added Vitamin D | | ||---------+------+---------------------------+-------------+---------------|| 3rd | 1948 | • First peacetime | 12 | 14 || | | • Added B6, Folate | | ||---------+------+---------------------------+-------------+---------------|| 4th | 1953 | • Phosphorus added | 13 | 15 ||---------+------+---------------------------+-------------+---------------|| 5th | 1958 | • Iodine, Magnesium | 15 | 16 ||---------+------+---------------------------+-------------+---------------|| 6th | 1964 | • Zinc, B12 | 17 | 18 ||---------+------+---------------------------+-------------+---------------|| 7th | 1968 | • First "RDA" branding | 18 | 20 || | | • Energy by activity | | ||---------+------+---------------------------+-------------+---------------|| 8th | 1974 | • Selenium, Biotin | 20 | 22 ||---------+------+---------------------------+-------------+---------------|| 9th | 1980 | • Vitamin K, Pantothenic | 24 | 25 || | | Acid, Chromium, Molyb- | | || | | denum | | ||---------+------+---------------------------+-------------+---------------|| 10th | 1989 | • Last "RDA" edition | 27 | 28 || | | • Fluoride, Potassium | | || | | • Sodium (upper limit) | | ||---------+------+---------------------------+-------------+---------------|| DRI | 1997 | • RDA → DRI | 30+ | 30+ || Series | | • EAR, AI, UL introduced | | || | | • Calcium & Vitamin D | | || | | (bone health focus) | | ||---------+------+---------------------------+-------------+---------------|| DRI | 2001 | • Macronutrients (AMDR) | | || | | • Carbs 45–65%, Fat 20–35%| | ||---------+------+---------------------------+-------------+---------------|| DRI | 2005 | • Electrolytes (Na, K) | | || | | • Choline | | ||---------+------+---------------------------+-------------+---------------|| DRI | 2011 | • Vitamin D ↑ 600 IU | | || | | • Calcium adjusted | | ||---------+------+---------------------------+-------------+---------------|| DRI | 2019 | • Sodium ↓ AI 1,500 mg | | || | | • Potassium ↑ AI 3,400 mg | | ||---------+------+---------------------------+-------------+---------------|| DRI | 2023 | • Omega-3s (ALA, EPA/DHA) | | || | | • AI for infants 0–6 mo | | ||---------+------+---------------------------+-------------+---------------|| 2025 | | • Ongoing: Ultra- | | || | | processed foods, | | || | | personalized nutrition | | |
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