TYB
Space Weather Returns, Pre-Quake Signals, Surviving Space | S0 News and frens
Nov.28.2025
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ag8eHoa7UrI
https://x.com/MrMBB333/status/1994193569830060472
https://x.com/forallcurious/status/1994184244382331195
https://x.com/astro_Pettit/status/1994048142783000768
https://www.space.com/live/aurora-forecast-will-the-northern-lights-be-visible-tonight
https://newsukraine.rbc.ua/news/last-days-of-november-come-with-magnetic-1764312418.html
https://www.pv-magazine.com/2025/11/28/atlantic-storm-claudia-cuts-solar-irradiance-across-western-europe/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kATyo0nWbSs (Dr.Tamitha Skov: Bouncing in the Blast Wave Anticipating Big Flares | Space Weather MidWeek Forecast 27 November 2025)
https://www.SpaceWeatherNews.com
https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/
https://avi-loeb.medium.com/
https://usaherald.com/new-forensic-enhancements-reveal-rotational-wave-pattern-and-jet-like-symmetry-in-latest-3i-atlas-image/
https://www.space.com/astronomy/comets/4-key-things-nasa-just-revealed-about-the-interstellar-comet-3i-atlas
https://x.com/AstronomyVibes/status/1994237858509664549
https://x.com/forallcurious/status/1994232718339789191
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QDT9cnf-nPw (Ray's Astrophotograohy: Comet 3i Atlas - United Nations PLANETARY DEFENSE TARGET - I took a PICTURE)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WT4dSKZcysE (DOBSONIAN POWER: AVI LOEB LIVE WITH US ON NEW 3I/ATLAS ANOMALIES!)
Science of the People and 3I/ATLAS
November 28, 2025
To paraphrase the Declaration of Independence in the context of science:
“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all humans are created equal, that they are endowed with certain unalienable rights, that among these are the search for extraterrestrial knowledge, the liberty to deviate from the arrogance of dogmatists, and the pursuit of scientific truth.”
The human spirit is superior to artificial intelligence (AI) in its willingness to take risks and explore new territories of knowledge that are not restricted to past training data sets.
In a recent interview with a high-school girl, I was asked the question:
“what is your advice to young adults?” to which I replied: “maintain your childhood curiosity, take risks to improve the world, but most importantly: give priority to human companionship over AI companions and follow primary sources of information rather than processed intellectual junk-food that is fed to you from your environment.
The reason is simple: only critical thinking will make you smarter. The brain is like a muscle: you must use it in order to get better.”
After the interview, I was informed that the student is the daughter of an AI technology mogul with a net worth exceeding 10 billion dollars. When asked if she can share the interview’s video with her father, I replied: “by all means.”
In a 3.5-hour podcast interview the following day, I was asked why is academia alienating the public? I explained that the communication port enabled in academia is often one-way, taking the form of scientists telling the public what they think it needs to know.
This is no different than Marie Antoinette, the Queen of France before the fall of the monarchy during the French Revolution, stating: “There is nothing new except what has been forgotten.”
I do not see myself as different from any member of the public. I was born on a farm and fell in love with nature. When you are in love, you wish to learn everything you can about the subject of your love.
Your ego, your recognition by peers, or your sense of self-importance, are secondary to the subject of your love. I entered academia under the illusion that tenure secures this path.
But instead, I found myself surrounded by self-declared kings and queens who rule over communities of students and postdocs in echo-chambers that they built out of taxpayer’s funds. They are in love with themselves rather than with nature.
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The scientific declaration of independence asks instead that we attend to the public’s curiosity because the public funds science.
The 2020 Decadal Survey on Astronomy and Astrophysics identified the search for the molecular fingerprints of microbial life as the highest research priority, worthy of the investment of at least 10 billion years in the next two decades.
The search for technological signatures of extraterrestrial intelligence was sidelined with no recommended funding.
This stands in contrast to the public’s passion to search for aliens and not just microbes. The mainstream report recommended searching for microbes in distant houses, Earth-Sun analogs, on our cosmic street.
But if any of these houses happens to host intelligent residents, these might send a package to our backyard in the form of interstellar objects like 3I/ATLAS or have a construction project in their backyard that is easier to detect than microbes.
The scientific declaration of independence argues for hedging the bets and investing in both types of searches. But the gatekeepers of academia avoid the public’s passion for aliens.
Academia communicates science from a pedestal. After 3I/ATLAS was discovered, I chose the alternative way of communicating the scientific process as the opportunity to explore an exciting possibility that 3I/ATLAS might be a technological object based on its 13 anomalies, listed here.
Even if this explanation turns out to be wrong, we must take it seriously because of its huge implications to society. Admitting that there are mysterious facts about 3I/ATLAS endows us with the curiosity to learn something new.
Excluding the anomalies from the vocabulary of NASA officials alienates the public, because it violates the scientific declaration of independence. The proper way to address alternative interpretations of 3I/ATLAS is by explaining anomalies away, not by ignoring them.
The public’s passion must be respected, not sidelined.
Once science is perceived as a learning experience of the people, not an occupation of the intellectual elite, it would receive increased federal funding and would address exciting problems that the public really cares about.
Just as with AI systems, there is “an alignment problem” in ensuring that scientists act in accordance with taxpayers’ intentions, values, and goals. Just as with AI systems: the problem stems from faulty training data sets.
Comet experts should add spacecraft to the icy rocks that they have in their training data set, because humanity produced such objects and most of the 100 billion stars in the Milky-Way galaxies formed billions of years before the Sun.
In a billion years, the Voyager spacecraft will visit the opposite side of the Milky-Way relative to the Sun.
And then there are science popularizers, who are simply worried about being liked without practicing scientific research on the topics they speak about.
I would not worry about them, because they will drift in the right direction once the mainstream of science practitioners will attend to the scientific priorities of the public.
Even if the interstellar gift of 3I/ATLAS ends up being a natural iceberg, its revolutionary significance was in exposing major problems with the way science is pursued and communicated to the public.
Here’s hoping that the passage of interstellar objects through the inner solar system will lead to a better future in which science is regarded as work of the people, rather than the work of the intellectual elite.
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3I/ATLAS Update: Interstellar Object Allegedly Poised To 'Trap' Earth With R2 Swan Comet - Anomalies Revealed
28 November 2025, 7:45 AM GMT
Amateur astrophotographers and social media users have sparked discussion over unusual activity involving the interstellar object 3I/ATLAS and the newly discovered comet C/2025 R2 (SWAN).
Some posts suggest the two objects appear aligned across the sky in a pattern described online as a 'cosmic trap'.
These claims have captured public attention, though scientists emphasise that the apparent proximity is a visual coincidence and does not pose any danger to Earth.
Observers have noted that both 3I/ATLAS and R2 Swan displayed sunward-facing tails, green colouring, and apparent synchronous changes in brightness.
A viral TikTok video by user @itsjeremyscottofficial described the objects as 'both glowing green, both acting weird, and right now they're sitting on opposite sides of Earth.'
The post highlighted what seemed to be simultaneous brightening and tail formation, framing the alignment as unusual.
Additional posts on X and astronomy forums have echoed these observations, sharing long-exposure photographs and amateur sketches.
Scientists caution that while these observations are visually striking, they do not indicate any threat. 3I/ATLAS and C/2025 R2 (SWAN) are separated by hundreds of millions of kilometres, moving on independent orbits.
Any apparent alignment is a line-of-sight effect from Earth and does not reflect a physical interaction or celestial 'trap'. The viral speculation is therefore illustrative of how striking images can generate public interest, even when the underlying science is straightforward.
Confirmed Observations of 3I/ATLAS and R2 Swan
3I/ATLAS, the third known interstellar object to pass through the Solar System, was discovered on 1 July 2025 by the ATLAS survey. Its orbit is hyperbolic, confirming an origin outside the Solar System.
Multiple observatories, including Hubble and JWST, have documented its coma, dust tail and gas emissions, confirming active comet-like behaviour.
Comet C/2025 R2 (SWAN) was discovered on 11 September 2025 via imagery from the SOHO–SWAN instrument.
The comet was catalogued by the astronomical community and has since been observed by amateur and professional observers, with reports of a visible coma and tail under favourable sky conditions.
At present, there is no published, peer-reviewed evidence confirming that 3I/ATLAS and C/2025 R2 (SWAN) have been imaged simultaneously in the same region of the sky.
Likewise, long-period orbit estimates for SWAN remain uncertain, and claims of several-degree tail lengths or detailed comparative morphology are speculative.
Some images and posts circulating on social media suggest that the two comets appear near each other from certain viewpoints on Earth, sometimes described as creating a 'trap' effect, but these remain unverified and are not supported by formal astronomical observations.
Understanding the Viral Claims
Social media posts describing the objects as forming a 'cosmic trap' have amplified public fascination, but scientists emphasise that these narratives are coincidences of perspective rather than extraordinary events.
The episode illustrates the tension between viral astronomy content and scientific consensus: striking images can generate excitement but do not replace rigorous orbital calculations or peer-reviewed data.
For now, experts agree that both 3I/ATLAS and R2 Swan remain of scientific interest. They offer a rare opportunity to study an interstellar object alongside a long-period comet.
Despite their apparent synchrony, the two objects pose no risk to Earth. The unusual images circulating online reflect observational perspectives and natural cometary behaviour rather than a cosmic threat.
https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/3i-atlas-update-interstellar-object-allegedly-poised-trap-earth-r2-swan-comet-anomalies-1758677
https://www.reddit.com/r/ScienceTechHub/comments/1p6yejy/3iatlas_r2_swan_why_are_both_tails_pointing_at/
https://x.com/JasonSilvestri/status/1993566259544523118
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=syw91PQvNWc (Stefan Burns: Comet R2 SWAN Has Grown a Sunward Tail like 3I/ATLAS (!) as Both Now Strategically Surround Earth 👾)
Russia's only way to send astronauts to space has suffered some serious blast damage
November 27, 2025
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Russia sent three astronauts into space on Thursday, but damaged its launchpad during liftoff.
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The pad, Russia's only site for crewed launches, appears to have lost its service bay.
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Official footage shot after the launch showed charred structural remains lying in an exhaust trench.
Russia's sole launchpad for sending astronauts into space suffered severe damage during a rocket blastoff on Thursday.
Footage of the incident from Roscosmos, Russia's space agency, showed that part of the structure collapsed and fell into a large exhaust trench below.
Roscosmos confirmed to state media on Thursday that the launchpad, located in Baikonur, Kazakhstan, had been damaged, but did not specify the extent of the damage.
The launch itself, which sent a Soyuz spacecraft to the International Space Station, was successful, and none of the three astronauts on board were harmed.
However, Roscosmos footage suggests that the service bay below the launchpad was dislodged as the Soyuz fired its booster engines on it.
A video clip of the launch, published by state media, showed debris flying up from the trench as the rocket's exhaust plume flared, which could indicate an explosion or structural collapse.
Another overhead shot of the aftermath, from Roscosmos, then showed the charred remains of a large structure lying in the facility's exhaust trench.
Meanwhile, footage of the launchpad filmed just before liftoff showed that the trench was previously empty.
The service bay is a platform located near the bottom of the launchpad that houses critical cabling, sensors, and other equipment, and also provides technicians with a work area for the rocket's tail section.
It's unclear how the service bay was dislodged and how long it may take to repair. Roscosmos did not respond to a request for comment sent outside regular business hours.
"The launch complex's condition is currently being assessed," the agency told state media. "All necessary backup components are available for restoration, and the damage will be repaired soon."
The Soyuz spacecraft carried two Russian astronauts and one NASA astronaut, Chris Williams, who arrived safely at the International Space Station.
NASA did not respond to a request for comment sent outside regular business hours by Business Insider.
Site 31/6 is Russia's only crewed launchpad
The damage from Thursday stands to disrupt operations at Russia's only launchpad for crewed space missions.
This particular pad, called Site 31/6, was built in the 1960s at the Baikonur spaceport, a Soviet-era facility that Russia leases from Kazakhstan. The Baikonur spaceport has an alternative pad, known as Site 1 or Gagarin's Start.
It was where Russia launched the famed cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin for the world's first human spaceflight. Site 1, which had been in use since the 1950s, ceased spaceflight operations in 2019.
The United Arab Emirates signed an agreement of interest in 2021 to fund the modernization of the older pad, though the deal likely fell through. Russian authorities announced in 2023 that they would turn Gagarin's Start into a museum.
Russia is also building a new spaceport, the Vostochny Cosmodrome, in its territory, but has yet to complete the infrastructure for crewed launches.
https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/russia-s-only-way-to-send-astronauts-to-space-has-suffered-some-serious-blast-damage/ar-AA1RiZGG
https://www.newsweek.com/russia-unable-to-send-astronauts-to-space-for-first-time-since-1961-11125188
https://www.esa.int/Space_Safety/Boost_in_funding_expands_Space_Safety_programme
https://www.esa.int/About_Us/Corporate_news/ESA_Member_States_commit_to_largest_contributions_at_Ministerial
https://www.esa.int/About_Us/Corporate_news/Poland_and_ESA_discuss_plans_for_new_security_centre
https://www.esa.int/Enabling_Support/Space_Transportation/Ensuring_autonomous_access_to_space_for_Europe
Boost in funding expands Space Safety programme
28/11/2025
The 2025 Ministerial Council (CM25) turned into an overwhelming success for ESA’s Space Safety programme.
Member States committed to a budget of €955 million for the next three years – even more than requested – increasing the budget by an impressive 30 %.
The allocated funds cover all plans outlined in the Space Safety programme proposal, including the exciting joint ESA-JAXA mission Ramses to asteroid Apophis during its flyby of Earth.
“The very strong funding for the years ahead is a powerful signal of Member States’ commitment to European autonomy in space safety as we face continuing geopolitical uncertainty,” says Holger Krag, Head of Space Safety at ESA.
“We can now look with confidence to the future and plan the next three years to give Europe a crucial push towards resilience, sustainability and self-reliance in space safety.”
How Europe will benefit
ESA’s Space Safety activities help ensure independent, continuous access to critical data and satellite services for Europe, imperative in this time of geopolitical instability.
It is also time to clean up Earth’s orbits and show European leadership in making sure no more debris is generated if Europe wants to benefit from the exciting new technologies and markets in space.
The Space Safety programme also helps to secure Europe’s position at the forefront of new space technologies.
As its projects work towards space sustainability, and important ambition is to stimulate a competitive European space industry.
An overview of some of the key Space Safety activities covered by the Member States’ generous funding at CM25:
Space Safety Cornerstones
The Programme’s highest priority is the continuation of its Cornerstone missions, grouped to address three main goals: Planetary Defence, Space Weather and Active Debris Removal & In-Orbit Servicing (ADRIOS).
All three Cornerstones feature large-scale involvement from European industry and will demonstrate a range of innovative new technologies.
Planetary Defence Cornerstone (Ramses)
The entire world will be watching when the Apophis asteroid passes by very, very close to Earth in 2029. Observable with the naked eye in Europe, public interest in planetary defence capabilities will be immense.
The enthusiasm for the unique opportunity to send a spacecraft to Apophis had already shown itself in early proactive support from Member States.
Now, the joint ESA-JAXA mission Ramses has received the required funding to meet Apophis in time and capitalise on the once-in-a-millenium event.
The Ramses mission will fly alongside during the asteroid’s close approach to Earth and will be the one delivering images from space as it happens.
The fixed launch window in 2028 mimics the tight time pressure of real reconnaissance missions in the future, testing capabilities in a very realistic way.
Space Weather Cornerstone (Vigil)
With Vigil, ESA is building a Space Weather Cornerstone mission that will support European resilience and autonomy in case of severe solar storms.
It has now received the funding needed to continue work and make its launch timeline, scheduled for 2031.
Vigil will be the first to stream operational space weather data 24/7 from deep space, at the valuable Lagrange point 5.
It will give us time: advance warnings of oncoming solar storms help protect spacecraft and astronauts in space and infrastructure on the ground.
The game-changing impact of the Space Weather Cornerstone mission is underlined by the contribution by NASA and NOAA of key instruments as well as strong interest in future collaboration from Korean, Japanese and Indian space agencies.
ADRIOS Cornerstone (RISE and CAT)
With the ADRIOS Cornerstone missions, the Space Safety programme is directly supporting the establishment of active debris removal as well as other in-orbit services like refuelling, refurbishment and assembly within Europe.
Great support for the missions was reflected in subscriptions by Member States, ensuring that the European space industry will be at the forefront of this exciting new market.
The CApTure Payload Bay (CAT) in-orbit demonstration will now be initiated as a result of the financial support. CAT will test a standardised docking interface that will simplify satellite removal operations.
The mission will help mature active debris removal technologies to clean up space debris and is part of the Agency's efforts to deliver on its Zero Debris Approach.
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ESA’s RISE mission also received ample support and can now continue its implementation phase towards launching in 2029.
The ‘mission extender’ is a commercial in-orbit servicing mission that will demonstrate that it can safely rendezvous with and dock to a geostationary client satellite, and take over its attitude and orbit control.
Highlights from Cosmic
All activities in the Space Safety programme aside from the Cornerstones (i.e. technology and service development, mission preparation and small missions) are grouped together under the Cosmic umbrella.
This area received overwhelming support and received funding far beyond what was requested, opening the door to exciting new projects.
Plans covered by the subscriptions include:
Dealing with debris and traffic
Space debris is very hard to observe in the size range from sub-mm up to cm, yet these tiny objects can be lethal for missions.
Aiming to fill the blind spot is Verification of In-Situ Debris Optical Monitoring from Space (VISDOMS-S), a small demonstration project focused on the optical detection of very small debris from space.
Once potential collisions are identified – whether with debris or with active satellites – spacecraft must be able to respond quickly and efficiently.
At the heart of ESA’s effort to enhance collision avoidance capabilities is the Collision Risk Estimation and Automated Mitigation (CREAM) project centred around automation.
A small demonstration mission is planned to test technologies in orbit.
Flyeye telescopes
To detect potential impacts in time, it is essential to establish a robust European Near-Earth Object survey system.
ESA’s Flyeye asteroid survey telescopes are custom-designed to autonomously scan the night sky each night on the hunt for new asteroids, particularly those with a chance of impacting Earth within the next 100 years.
The first Flyeye will soon be deployed on the island of Sicily, Italy, with the second Flyeye in South America now receiving enough funding to be completed.
Building a European space weather monitoring fleet
The Space Safety programme is developing a Distributed Space Weather Sensor System (D3S), a series of small missions and hosted payloads to monitor the near-Earth environment for space weather conditions that may impact vulnerable infrastructure.
As the data will be used continuously in operational services, the systems have a critical need for high reliability, long lifetimes and low data latencies.
The D3S data from around Earth, combined with Vigil’s data from deep space, will deliver more than the sum of its parts. It will be an unmatched source of space weather data, ready to protect Europe’s citizens and critical infrastructure.
Sustainable satellites of the future
The future EcoStars mission embodies ESA’s approach towards ecodesigning its missions and advancing green technology within the European space sector.
At the same time, circular economy in space missions will help us to move away from single-use satellites.
Concepts that move us towards refurbishment, manufacturing and recycling in space will have the opportunity to shape a future where space systems and components are reused and repurposed right where they are: in Earth orbit.
Through an open call, the best and most practical ideas to make space systems more sustainable will be collected. The most promising concepts are to be guided through technology readiness levels, finally being tested in space.
Up next for Space Safety
The budgetary boost underlines the promising longer term future of the Space Safety programme. It comes on top of and a continuation of ongoing efforts within the programme.
The various teams are continuously monitoring for space hazards like near-Earth objects, space debris and space weather. At the same time, preparations for upcoming Space Safety missions proceed at pace.
The very first Space Safety mission Hera is currently on its way to a slightly early arrival at the Didymos binary asteroid in November 2026.
Two spacecraft are being built for the Draco reentry mission and Swing space weather mission, both expected to launch in the first half of 2027.
With the enthusiastic support from our Member States, the Space Safety programme is ready to get to work and deliver on its promise to keep us and our infrastructure safe from natural and humanmade hazards in space.
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Earth from Space: Eye of the Sahara
28/11/2025
The Copernicus Sentinel-2 mission captures a spectacular geological wonder in the Sahara Desert of Mauritania: the Richat Structure. This giant feature looks out from a sea of golden sand in the Adrar Region of northern Mauritania.
Once thought to be the site of a meteor impact, the Richat Structure is now believed to have been caused by a process of uplift of a large dome of molten rock that, once at the surface, was shaped by wind, sand and water erosion.
Geologists agree that the structure is at least 100 million years old.
The layered formation consists of a series of concentric rings and resembles a bull’s eye from space, so is also known as the eye of the Sahara or the eye of Africa.
The Richat Structure, 50 km in diameter, is easier to observe from space than from the ground, and has been a familiar landmark for astronauts since the earliest manned missions.
In this comparison, we can see two views captured in September 2025: the image on the left is in natural colour, while the image on the right is a false-colour combination which highlights specific features.
This remarkable formation exposes layers of sedimentary rock in different places, depending on the rates of erosion on the varying rock types. This can be better appreciated in the false-colour image.
The more erosion-resistant quartzite sandstones appear in shades of red and pink and form the outer rings and high ridges internally, with valleys of less-resistant rock between them visible as darker areas.
The central rings of the eye are about 80 m tall, with rocks older than those forming the outer rings.
In the image on the left, the dark area surrounding the eye is part of the Adrar plateau of sedimentary rock standing some 200 m above the surrounding desert sands, which in turn are part of the Erg Ouarane, an immense sand expanse stretching hundreds of kilometres to Mali.
Sand is also clearly visible encroaching into the structure’s southern side. Here, individual trees and bushes can be spotted as tiny dots, which are visible in purple in the false-colour image, following a dry riverbed structure.
https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2025/11/Earth_from_Space_Eye_of_the_Sahara
Three European astronauts will participate in NASA’s missions to the Moon
27.Nov 2025 | Europe in brief AI
Bremen (Germany) – “I have decided that the first Europeans to participate in lunar missions will be German, French, and Italian astronauts,” said ESA Director General Josef Aschbacher on the sidelines of the agency’s council in Bremen.
“The first flight will be assigned to a German astronaut,” he added.
The ESA is participating in the American program through the construction of the Orion capsule and is providing elements for the station that will orbit the Moon.
Among the potential French astronauts is Thomas Pesquet, who was present in Bremen and has received support from the minister dedicated to space, Philippe Baptiste.
“This means that Europe has its place in this adventure for the long term, and that France secures its place within Europe,” said Pesquet, who at 47 is the most experienced European astronaut with nearly 400 days in space.
2026 could be the year of the return of astronauts around the Moon, while the Artemis III mission, which will be the first to land them on the lunar surface since 1972, is scheduled for 2027 or 2028. (November 27, 2025)
https://europeannewsroom.com/three-european-astronauts-will-participate-in-nasas-missions-to-the-moon/
https://www.forbes.com/sites/kevinholdenplatt/2025/11/27/europe-joins-us-in-arming-for-russian-nuclear-strikes-in-space/
Europe Joins U.S. In Arming For Russian Nuclear Strikes In Space
Nov 27, 2025, 04:09pm EST
As Russia threatens atomic attacks on Ukraine and its Western allies, and prototypes a nuclear-armed spacecraft, space powers across Europe are racing to defend against nuclear strikes in orbit.
Leaders stretching from Paris to Berlin are stepping up space defenses while warning Moscow’s military provocations are now spreading across the celestial sphere.
Even as Vladimir Putin escalates his missiles blitzes on Ukraine, as part of a greater plan to restore the Russian empire, he could be lowering the threshold on actual use of nuclear warheads to conquer target countries, says Spenser Warren, Stanton nuclear security postdoctoral fellow at Harvard University’s Kennedy School of Government.
One of the world’s leading experts on the Kremlin’s crusade to modernize its nuclear arsenal, Warren told me in an interview that Putin could be moving closer to detonating tactical bombs on the current and future battlefronts of Eastern Europe, and to launching satellites that secretly conceal atomic bombs.
In a book he co-authored on the defense-tech race now pitting Moscow against Washington, published by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Warren predicts the looming face-off between these rivals could play out not just across the Earth’s northern hemisphere, but also in the heavens.
The White House has accused Moscow of developing nuclear bombs, to be lofted into orbit, in violation of the Outer Space Treaty’s ban on weapons of mass destruction anywhere in space.
Russia’s nuclear-tipped ASATs could stalk the thousands of Allied satellites that now circle the globe - from American missile tracking sentinels to SpaceX spacecraft beaming broadband to besieged Ukrainians.
In a future conflict, Warren forecasts, Moscow might unleash the space version of a surprise Pearl Harbor ambush, using space nukes to preemptively level the orbital battlefield.
“Russia may be willing to degrade its own satellites as part of a broad anti-satellite (ASAT) strike,” he says, “as it is less space-dependent than the United States and expects an American ASAT strike in the early stages of a conflict.”
President Donald Trump called the worldwide build-up of nuclear missiles one of the greatest threats facing the U.S. when he ordered the construction of the Golden Dome missile defense system, featuring space-based interceptors designed to destroy ICBMs within their first 180 seconds of flight.
Next-generation interceptors could also be adapted to blast Moscow’s atomic ASATs orbiting the globe without their warheads exploding.
Moving in lockstep, Europe’s top space powers are also rushing to expand their orbital defenses.
President Emmanuel Macron, while launching France’s new Space Command center, recently warned: “Today’s war is already playing out in space and tomorrow's war will begin in space.”
"We are experiencing the espionage, for example by Russia, of our satellites by patrol ships, the massive jamming of GPS signals, cyber attacks against our space infrastructure, the tests of anti-satellite missiles, the development of anti-satellite weapons, and even the particularly shocking Russian threat of nuclear weapons in space.”
To counter these skyrocketing threats, President Macron said he is channeling 10 billion euros into France’s new national space strategy to “carry out military space operations” projected ahead, and to strengthen its space alliance with NATO.
Macron, commander-in-chief of the armed forces, is also pushing for the build-up of the army, echoing a call to arms delivered to the French National Assembly and Senate by defense chief Fabien Mandon.
General Mandon told legislators that Russia could be ready to attack NATO "in three or four years,” but added: "Russia cannot scare us if we are willing to defend ourselves," reported Le Monde, France’s leading broadsheet newspaper.
France’s closest space ally, Germany, is ramping up its mapping of threats in orbit, and emanating from ground-based launch pads, to prepare for potential space assaults ahead.
In Berlin, German Defense Minister Boris Pistorius declared that while satellite networks now form the foundation of modern societies, "Anyone who attacks them can paralyze entire states.”
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Kremlin space commanders have “rapidly expanded their capabilities to conduct war in space in recent years,” he said, including the ability to “kinetically destroy satellites.”
“Every attack on satellites does not only affect the military or the space industry – it affects millions and millions of people.”
To protect German security and freedom in space, the defense minister said, 35 billion euros is being pumped into the Bundeswehr Space Command over the next five years.
Pivotal spacecraft will be hardened against attacks and protected by “guardian satellites,” while Germany’s space fleet is augmented by state-of-the-art missile warning systems.
“The conflicts of the future are no longer limited to the Earth’s surface or the deep sea,” Pistorius warned. “They are also played out openly in orbit.”
Michael Mulvihill, a vice chancellor research fellow focusing on nuclear warfare at Teesside University in the UK, told me in an interview that President “Macron’s comments about future wars fought in space” are being echoed by space security scholars across Europe and around the world.
After writing his doctoral dissertation on Britain’s defense masterplan to safeguard government elites during a doomsday nuclear war, and to provide aid to any scattered British survivors who emerge from fallout shelters in this final conflict, Mulvihill teamed up with filmmakers at the British Broadcasting Corp. to transform his research into the documentary “A British Guide to the End of the World.”
He predicts that a series of Russian nuclear strikes hundreds of kilometers above the Earth could end all human spaceflight, and crewed orbital stations, for generations.
Russia’s nuclear ASATs, he says, are “a potential (and cheap) countermeasure to Golden Dome.”
But nuclear explosions in space are, he points out, “indiscriminate and would destroy satellites of both friend and foe.”
When the U.S. tested a powerful thermonuclear warhead at the height of the Cold War with the Soviets, he says, this Starfish Prime blast destroyed one-third of all satellites then circling the Earth.
These days, with 10,000 spacecraft now whizzing through space, the detonation of even one Russian super-bomb could take out thousands of satellites, along with the dual human outposts circling the planet.
SpaceX Starlink satellites, repeatedly excoriated by the Kremlin for extending internet lifelines to citizens across shell-shocked Ukrainian cities, likely remain a prime potential target of a Russian space assault, Mulvihill says.
Because SpaceX now flies 8000 satellites above the Earth, “shooting down a single unit with a ground launch missile would not impact operations.”
In contrast, he says, detonating a nuclear warhead near the orbital ring hosting these satellites could destroy vast swaths of the Starlink constellation.
“Throughout the full-scale invasion of Ukraine Russia has attempted to use nuclear threats.”
“Nuclear threats and spooky insinuation of orbital nuclear weapons form part of broader hybrid warfare techniques that encompass recent incidents of cyber attacks, drone disruption and sabotage in Europe.”
Bursting a thermonuclear warhead near the International Space Station, or the Chinese Space Station, would likely kill its astronauts, and render the outpost uninhabitable.
2/3
“Nuclear explosions in space release their energy as deadly radiation including x-rays and gamma-rays, that could kill a crew of a nearby space station.”
“Wreckage from a [nuclear] war in low Earth orbit could close space off to humanity” into the far-off future. “Space warfare,” he predicts, “could also escalate quickly into nuclear warfare on Earth.”
Meanwhile, Mulvihill says the “End of the World” documentary that he co-created with the BBC presents the terrifying tableaux of a crushed civilization and future in the aftermath of an all-out atomic war of “Mutually Assured Destruction.”
Like this British vision on a post-apocalyptic nuclear wasteland, he says, “I think films such as ‘Oppenheimer’ and ‘House of Dynamite’ are currently doing important work of bringing the risk and implication of nuclear warfare back to public perception.”
If these doomsday broadcasts ultimately trigger a rising wave of popular calls to scale back or completely abolish all nuclear weaponry, government leaders across the Western democracies could ultimately act on those appeals.
“It is said that ABC’s ‘The Day After’ and BBC's ‘Threads’ helped change the course of Reagan Administration nuclear policy in the 1980s,” Mulvihill says.
U.S. members of Congress petrified by the prospect of an intercontinental nuclear war with Russia, and by the Kremlin’s atomic brinkmanship on and above the Earth, are already moving to press for worldwide disarmament.
While championing the hyper-realism of the nuclear attack and compressed timelines for the American president to decide on a massive retaliation that could kill hundreds of millions of people depicted in “A House of Dynamite,” Senator Edward Markey is now using the film to push his pending resolution calling on the White House to “actively pursue a world free of nuclear weapons as a national security imperative.”
Markey, co-chair of the bicameral Nuclear Weapons and Arms Control Working Group, and a coalition of fellow-minded senators, are urging the president to convene urgent talks to convince “the other 8 nuclear armed countries” to collectively and simultaneously “eliminate their nuclear arsenals according to negotiated timetables."
British nuclear scholar Michael Mulvihill says: “I think since the end of the Cold War public perceptions of nuclear weapons have been that they are artifacts that belong in the past.”
Victoria Samson, one of the top American scholars on space security, and on war and peace in orbit, says although Moscow has already launched one satellite, Cosmos 2553, suspected of being a precursor mission to lofting its atomic ASATs, “Even with Russia at its most aggressive posture, I don’t see them using this capability lightly.”
“I would not see them using this preemptively as it’s so escalatory, it would very likely lead to conflict on Earth,” adds Samson, who is Chief Director, Space Security and Stability at the Secure World Foundation, a globally influential think tank promoting the pacific use of space, for the benefit of all humanity, based in Washington, DC.
“The only reason to use one [nuclear anti-satellite missile] would be to eradicate a lot of satellites at one time and that would definitely be aimed at Western space capabilities."
“Russia does understand that there would be consequences to detonating a nuclear warhead in orbit.”
Despite Vladimir Putin’s cascade of threats to deploy nuclear warheads against Ukraine and its Western backers, and his clandestine race to perfect the ultimate space bomb, Samson says:
“This is still something that I would see using only in an end of days, Hitler in the bunker scenario for Putin.”
3/3
China has no intention of engaging in space race with any country, FM on US claims of space dominance
Nov 28, 2025 03:51 PM
When asked to comment on that the US' claims that after establishing the Space Force, it has gained dominance over Russia and China in the space domain, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Mao Ning said that China has always adhered to the peaceful use of outer space and opposes an arms race or the weaponization of outer space.
China has no intention of engaging in a space race with any country, nor does it seek so-called space superiority, said Mao.
https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202511/1349301.shtml
Sci-Fi or a 21st Century Reality? CEOs on Space Data Centres
November 28, 2025
Sundar Pichai, Jeff Bezos and Jensen Huang are among the leaders in the space data centre-hype, promising outer space’s potential in supporting AI demands
It sounds like something from a Sci-Fi movie: data centres in space. But for many of the biggest CEOs out there, the idea is becoming a reality.
Speaking on the “Google AI: Release Notes” on 26 November, Google CEO Sundar Pichai admits that the idea seems “crazy” but “when you truly step back and envision the amount of compute we’re going to need, it starts making sense and it’s a matter of time."
With AI advancements everywhere, data centres on earth, processing vast amounts of data used by websites, companies and governments, may not be enough to keep up with the demand, plenty of CEOs are arguing.
Sundar was referring to Google’s Project Suncatcher, which he describes as “a moonshot exploring a new frontier: equipping solar-powered satellite constellations with TPUs and free-space optical links to one day scale machine learning compute in space”.
Its scientists and engineers believe tightly packed constellations of about 80 solar-powered satellites could be arranged in orbit about 400 miles above the earth’s surface.
According to research by Google launched on 4 November, prices of space launches are falling so quickly that by the middle of the 2030s the running costs of a space-based data centre could be comparable to one on Earth.
On the podcast, the CEO didn’t reveal much more about the plans, aside from saying: “In 2027, hopefully we’ll have a TPU somewhere in space.”
But according to the Guardian, Google sounded a cautionary note: “Significant engineering challenges remain, such as thermal management, high-bandwidth ground communications and on-orbit system reliability.”
Another Elon Musk venture
“Maybe we’ll meet a Tesla Roadster,” Sundar joked, referring to when Elon Musk sent his US$100,000 red convertible Tesla Roadster into space on a SpaceX rocket in 2018.
With the roof down and a dummy at the wheel, it was spotted in space this year when astronomers mistook it for an asteroid.
The CEO of SpaceX plans to deploy data centres in space through the firm's Starship space craft, which Tesla describes as “the world’s most powerful launch vehicle ever” that acts like a “fully reusable transportation system designed to carry both crew and cargo to Earth orbit, the Moon, Mars and beyond”.
In an X post this month, also Musk-owned, he said: “Starship should be able to deliver around 300GW per year of solar-powered AI satellites to orbit, maybe 500GW. The ‘per year’ part is what makes this such a big deal.”
He’s referring to an unprecedented amount of electric capacity, with Goldman Sachs saying in February that the current global data centre capacity on Earth is 59GW.
Ex-Amazon CEO agrees
In October, Amazon’s now Executive Chair Jeff Bezos said that gigawatt-scale data centres will be built in space in the next couple of decades, adding that they will eventually outperform Earth’s ones thanks to uninterrupted solar energy and no weather disruption.
During a fireside chat with Ferrari and Stellantis with Chairman John Elkann at the Italian Tech Week in Turin, according to Reuters, Jeff said:
“One of the things that’s going to happen in the next - it’s hard to know exactly when, it’s plus 10 years, and I bet it’s not more than 20 - we’re going to start building these gigawatt data centres in space.”
He added: “It has already happened with weather satellites. It has already happened with communication satellites. The next step is going to be data centres and then other kinds of manufacturing.”
Tech firms on board
Lonestar Data Holdings agrees with Jeff that space data centres will be advantageous due to unlimited solar power, but added it will also offer customers secure and reliable data processing.
The President of the off-planet data storage firm said in April, according to the BBC: “The way we see it is that by putting up the data centre in space, you’re really offering unparalleled security.”
In March, the Florida-based firm claimed it had successfully tested a tiny data centre the size of a hardback book, taking its ride to the Moon on US space exploration firm Intuitive Machines’ Athena Lunar Lander.
Nvidia AI chips have also been launched into space in November 2025, in partnership with startup Starcloud. CEO and Co-Founder of Starcloud Philip Johnston said: “In space, you get almost unlimited, low-cost renewable energy.
“The only cost on the environment will be on the launch, then there will be 10 times carbon dioxide savings over the life of the datacentre compared with powering the datacentre terrestrially.”
One thing is clear: CEOs can’t seem to get enough of the promise of space-based data centres.
https://businesschief.com/news/sci-fi-or-a-21st-century-reality-ceos-on-space-data-centres
Native artists in Texas and Mexico shared their vision of the universe for 4,000 years, ancient murals suggest
November 28, 2025
Archaeologists often seek to understand ancient cultures by studying images left behind on rock faces. While these images vary widely, they're a global phenomenon.
In fact, petroglyphs and painted murals created by past societies have so far been found on every continent, except Antarctica.
And, in a new study, researchers say they’ve found evidence of consistent imagery on cliff faces, caverns and natural recesses in 12 sites in the Lower Pecos Canyonlands — an archeological region in southwestern Texas and Northern Mexico — providing evidence of consistent themes in the murals across 175 generations.
They say this continuity suggests that, in both regions, hunter-gatherers' conception of the universe — which the team calls their "cosmovision" — stayed largely the same across roughly 4,000 years.
They also suggest that, due to the style and iconographic similarities, the paintings were used to transmit important information across thousands of years. In modern times, the style of the paintings is called 'Pecos River style' (PRS). "
We propose that Pecos River style paintings […] faithfully transmitted a sophisticated metaphysics that later informed the beliefs and symbolic expression of Mesoamerican agriculturalists," the authors write in the research paper.
Measuring time
To find out when the murals were created, the researchers used a pair of dating methods — radiocarbon dating and oxalate dating.
They used the dating to create a "chronological model" for the paintings, relying on 57 direct radiocarbon dates and 25 oxalate dates across the 12 sites.
"Establishing the temporal context of PRS is a prerequisite for leveraging the full interpretive potential of this sophisticated iconographic system," the authors write in their paper.
The team used radiocarbon dating of organic carbon in the paintings, as carbon isotopes in organic matter break down over time. By measuring this decay, archaeologists can get fairly precise dates for the age of the paint used in the murals.
"North American Indigenous groups used fat in deer bone marrow as a binder to adhere mineral pigment particles together and saponin-rich plants, such as the C3 Yucca constricta, as a vehicle or emulsifying agent," the authors write.
With oxalate dating, the team measured the age of oxalate mineral accretions above and below the paint. The difference in the ages of the accretions supported the radiocarbon dating of the layers of paint.
With these dating methods, the researchers figured out that the paintings — and their similarities — stretched over thousands of years.
Knowledge transmission
Archeologists study ancient rock art, which includes paintings on rock (pictographs) or peckings in rock (petroglyphs) to learn about the cultures of ancient peoples. Many scientists have interpreted cosmological meanings in these images, like solar eclipses and supernovas.
However, deciphering the meaning that ancient and prehistoric civilizations ascribed to the pictographs and petroglyphs they created long ago isn't an exact science; it’s interpretation.
The similarities in the rock murals that were painted across thousands of years may suggest they were used to transmit important knowledge through many generations.
"Eight of the 12 murals, created at different times, all adhered to the same compositional guidelines, such as the sequential application of color," the authors write. "These eight also all contained the same iconographic vocabulary, representing a continuity in cultural cosmovision."
While the study relies on previous studies that have found parallels between the images in rock paintings and cosmological concepts, the authors say that "these interpretive studies are contributing to ongoing discussions into the existence, distribution and antiquity of a pan-Mesoamerican or perhaps pan-New World cosmovision."
https://www.space.com/astronomy/earth/native-artists-in-texas-and-mexico-shared-their-vision-of-the-universe-for-4-000-years-ancient-murals-suggest
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adx7205
Key Driver of Extreme Winds on Venus Identified
November 27, 2025
Imagine the catastrophic winds of a category 5 hurricane. Now, imagine even faster winds of more than 100 meters per second, encircling the planet and whipping clouds across the sky, with no end in sight.
This scenario would be astonishing on Earth, but it's business as usual on Venus, where the atmosphere at cloud level rotates about 60 times faster than the planet itself—a phenomenon known as superrotation.
In contrast, Earth's cloud-level atmosphere rotates at about the same speed as the planet's surface.
Prior research has explored the mechanisms driving atmospheric superrotation on Venus, but the details remain murky.
New evidence from Lai et al. suggests that a once-daily atmospheric tidal cycle, fueled by heat from the sun, contributes much more to the planet's extreme winds than previously thought.
Rapid atmospheric rotation often occurs on rocky planets that, like Venus, are located relatively close to their stars and rotate very slowly.
On Venus, one full rotation takes 243 Earth days. Meanwhile, the atmosphere races around the planet in a mere 4 Earth days.
To better understand this superrotation, the researchers analyzed data collected between 2006 and 2022 by the European Space Agency's Venus Express satellite and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency's Akatsuki satellite, which both studied Venus's atmosphere by detecting how it bends radio waves.
The research team also simulated superrotation using a numerical model of Venus's atmosphere.
The analysis focused specifically on thermal tides—one of several atmospheric processes, alongside meridional circulation and planetary waves, whose interactions have previously been shown to sustain Venus's superrotation by transporting momentum. Thermal tides are patterns of air movement that occur when sunlight heats air on the dayside of a planet. Venusian thermal tides can be broken into two major components: diurnal tides, which follow a cyclical pattern repeating once per Venusian day, and semidiurnal tides, which have two cycles per day.
Earlier research suggested that semidiurnal tides are the main thermal tide component involved in superrotation.
However, this study—which includes the first analysis of thermal tides in Venus's southern hemisphere—found that diurnal tides play a primary role in transporting momentum toward the tops of Venus's thick clouds, suggesting diurnal tides are major contributors to the rapid winds.
Though the researchers note that further clarification of the contributions of diurnal tides is needed, the work sheds new light on Venus’s extreme winds and could aid meteorological research on other slowly rotating planets.
https://www.space.com/astronomy/venus/key-driver-of-extreme-winds-on-venus-identified
Trump’s ‘drug boat’ attacks mirror controversial Obama-era tactic – NYT
28 Nov, 2025 10:55
US airstrikes on suspected drug smugglers in the Caribbean ordered by President Donald Trump bear similarities to the controversial ‘signature strikes’ on purported terrorists under former President Barack Obama, the New York Times has argued.
The Obama-era operations conducted primarily in Pakistan and Yemen relied on detecting patterns of behavior that US intelligence agencies claimed indicated terrorist activity, rather than identifying wrongdoing by specific individuals. Critics condemned the approach for its vague criteria – sometimes as broad as ‘military-age male’ in an area prone to militancy – and for resulting in civilian casualties.
Pentagon officials have acknowledged in closed-door briefings that they often do not know the identities of the people killed in what the White House calls a campaign against “narcoterrorism” in the Caribbean, the NYT reported on Thursday.
Despite this, US officials insist that the comparison does not apply, arguing that the strikes are aimed at narcotics rather than individuals.
“They told us it is not a signature strike, because it’s not just about pattern of life, but it’s also not like they know every individual person on the boats,” Representative Sara Jacobs, a member of the House Armed Services Committee, told the outlet.
The Obama administration’s killings of low-level militants and people merely assumed to be militants was criticized as counterproductive and fueling further radicalization.
Trump officials reportedly argued that attacking boats at sea reduces the risk of collateral damage.
Some US allies, including the UK, have reportedly declined to assist with the ‘drug boat’ strikes, warning that they could violate international law. The campaign has already resulted in more than 80 deaths.
Analysts increasingly suspect that the operations could be laying the groundwork for a regime-change effort in Venezuela, whose president, Nicolas Maduro, the US accuses of leading a criminal cartel.
https://www.rt.com/news/628611-signature-strikes-drug-boats/
Floods and landslides kill 56 in Sri Lanka
28 Nov, 2025 11:54
At least 56 people have been killed and over 20 others are missing after incessant rainfall triggered floods and landslides in Sri Lanka, the island nation’s authorities said on Friday.
The rainfall, caused by Cyclone Ditwah, has battered the island over the last two days, leading to one of the nation’s worst weather disasters in years.
The local authorities said 43,991 people have been affected by the extreme weather conditions, and at least 600 houses have been partially damaged.
Train services have been suspended, while five flights to Colombo were diverted to the southern Indian city of Thiruvanthapuram.
Relief and rescue operations are ongoing across the island, but have been hampered by power cuts, landslides, and road blockages.
India has dispatched urgent humanitarian assistance and disaster relief materials to Sri Lanka, Prime Minister Narendra Modi said on X, while offering condolences over those who lost their lives in the floods and landslides.
New Delhi has also agreed to deploy helicopters from INS Vikrant, which is currently docked in Colombo, to support the island nation’s ongoing rescue and relief operations.
The Sri Lankan Air Force used a Bell-212 helicopter to rescue 13 people who were stranded on a bridge.
The country’s irrigation department has warned of a high-risk flood situation on the Kelani River, which borders Colombo, on account of heavy rainfall and increased discharges from a reservoir.
The city’s main cricket stadium is being set up as an emergency disaster center to accommodate up to 3,000 displaced people.
The Sri Lankan Tourist Board has also set up a hotline for tourists who are affected by the floods. The country’s peak tourism season begins at the end of November.
Cyclone Ditwah has weakened over Sri Lanka and is moving toward the southeastern Indian states of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh.
Unusually heavy rains have also killed 90 people in Indonesia and affected millions in Vietnam, Thailand, and Malaysia.
https://www.rt.com/news/628632-denmark-trump-greenland-night-watch/
https://twitter.com/SriLankaTweet/status/1994296526051664116
https://twitter.com/AzzamAmeen/status/1994342677349908933
Ukraine Strikes Russian Refinery, Crimea Airfield, Drone Stockpiles in Massive Overnight Operation
Nov. 28, 2025, 2:23 pm
In a far-reaching overnight strike on Friday, Ukrainian forces hit multiple Russian targets hundreds of kilometers apart, striking a refinery in Saratov, a drone storage site at the “Saky” airfield in occupied Crimea, a series of power substations, and military depots in occupied Donetsk and Luhansk regions.
The long-range precision drone strikes targeted key military, industrial, and energy infrastructure deep inside Russian-controlled territory, the Ukrainian General Staff reported on Friday morning.
Saratov oil refinery targeted
As part of the efforts to “reduce the military and economic potential of the Russian aggressor,” the General Staff said Kyiv forces struck the Saratov Oil Refinery in Russia’s Saratov region.
The facility produces over 20 types of petroleum products, including gasoline, diesel, fuel oil, and technical sulfur, and plays a direct role in supporting Russian forces.
“A series of explosions was recorded, followed by a fire in the target area. The results of the strikes are being clarified,” the General Staff wrote.
Crimea airfield hit
In Crimea, Ukrainian forces targeted the Russian-occupied “Saky” airfield in Novofedorivka.
According to preliminary information, several Russian air defense systems, including Pantsir-S1 and Tor-M2 complexes, were damaged in the strikes.
Following the suppression of the air defenses, a hangar storing Orion and Forpost unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), along with a command-and-control point and a KamAZ cargo truck, was reportedly destroyed.
“The extent of the damage is being assessed,” the General Staff said.
Logistics, Personnel Targeted in Donetsk, Luhansk
The General Staff said Kyiv forces also targeted areas of Russian troop concentration, as well as fuel and lubricant depots, in temporarily occupied Donetsk and Luhansk regions.
In addition, several 500-kilovolt (kV) power substations in temporarily occupied Luhansk, en route to Russia’s Rostov region, were reportedly hit.
Drone forces commander hints at more strikes
Robert “Madyar” Brovdi, commander of Ukraine’s Unmanned Systems Forces, said 10 targets were struck overnight across an “unlimited geographic area.”
Brovdi also warned of escalating operations in the coming weeks, particularly against Russia’s fuel network as he hinted at tit-for-tat moves in response to Russian attacks on Ukraine’s energy grid.
“Gasoline is becoming a scarce liquid in the swamps, and gas and oil are highly flammable. All of this is moving toward complete darkness – a cold, long winter. What comes next will be more intense and louder,” Brovdi said.
The strike comes just days after one of Ukraine’s largest drone attacks on Russia, when dozens of drones and missiles hit multiple military and industrial targets across Russian port cities Taganrog, Novorossiysk, and Tuapse on Tuesday.
During the attack, Kyiv forces hit a bomber repair plant, a kamikaze drone factory, a high-tech air defense unit, and oil refineries.
The Ukrainian General Staff called the raids “complex, long-range air operations.” Three civilians were killed, and at least 10 were injured in Taganrog, according to Russian authorities.
https://www.kyivpost.com/post/65191
https://t.me/astrapress/98458
https://t.me/astrapress/98435
https://t.me/astrapress/98437
https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-ato/4063829-ukrainian-forces-strike-saratov-oil-refinery-drone-storage-site-at-crimean-airfield.html
https://euromaidanpress.com/2025/11/28/russias-saratov-refinery-among-key-targets-hit-by-drones-last-night-ukrainian-armys-general-staff-says-video/
https://kyivindependent.com/explosions-reported-in-russian-cities-amid-ukrainian-drone-attack/
other Russia and Ukraine
https://en.defence-ua.com/news/uk_defense_intelligence_reveals_ukraine_targets_russian_massive_drone_stockpile-16640.html
https://www.kyivpost.com/post/65203
https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/37471624/russian-dragon-drone-strike-ukraine-tunnel-life/
https://iol.co.za/news/world/2025-11-28-greyshark-underwater-drone-to-address-russian-threat/