>The Minnesota story got me thinking…this seems weird!
ActBlue is a major nonprofit online fundraising platform for Democratic and progressive candidates, committees, and causes in the United States. Founded in 2004, it processes small-dollar donations (and larger ones) from millions of donors, having raised over $15-16 billion historically. It acts as a conduit, passing funds directly to campaigns while charging a small processing fee.
Donation smurfing refers to a money-laundering-like technique in campaign finance where large or illicit contributions (e.g., exceeding legal limits or from prohibited sources like foreign entities) are broken into many small donations attributed to different individuals. This can involve "straw donors" (real people whose identities are used without knowledge) or fictitious accounts to evade reporting thresholds, contribution caps, or bans on foreign donations.
Allegations against ActBlue claim that suspicious patterns in FEC data—such as elderly or unemployed individuals listed as making thousands or tens of thousands of small donations (e.g., one case of over 57,000 donations totaling $234,000)—indicate smurfing. Critics, including Republican lawmakers, state attorneys general (from up to 19 states), and investigators like James O'Keefe, argue these patterns suggest fraud, identity theft, or laundering of funds possibly from foreign actors (e.g., China, Iran, Russia, Venezuela). Key concerns include ActBlue's past lack of requiring CVV codes on cards (changed in 2024) and acceptance of gift/prepaid cards, which could enable anonymous or fraudulent contributions. House Republicans have issued subpoenas, and as of 2025, President Trump directed the DOJ to investigate, with ongoing congressional probes citing lowered fraud standards and staff resignations at ActBlue.
ActBlue and Democrats strongly deny wrongdoing, calling the claims a partisan "disinformation campaign" aimed at undermining small-dollar Democratic fundraising. They emphasize robust fraud detection (e.g., scoring donations and manual reviews), compliance with laws, and that suspicious patterns may stem from legitimate recurring donations or data errors. In responses to inquiries, ActBlue has highlighted security upgrades and rejected accusations as frivolous.
As of late 2025, investigations continue at state, congressional, and potentially federal levels, but no criminal charges or conclusive proof of widespread smurfing have been publicly confirmed. The issue remains highly partisan, with evidence largely circumstantial from public FEC records.