Saul's conversion on the road to Damascus was a pivotal event where the persecutor of Christians, Saul of Tarsus, encountered the resurrected Jesus in a blinding light, fell to the ground, and heard Jesus ask, "Why do you persecute me?". This divine encounter left Saul temporarily blind and instructed him to go into Damascus, where a disciple named Ananias was sent to restore his sight and baptize him, transforming him into the Apostle Paul, a key figure in spreading Christianity.