TYB
grand ole morning, frens
Anons remember when Ben Swann went dark after covering Pizzagate and people thought he got suicided?
Whatever happened to Carolyn Limaco?
Epstein is Pizzagate w/ Ben Swann and Liz Crokin
February 4, 2026
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gYNSf0KqHXk
https://x.com/BenSwann_
https://x.com/LizCrokin
moar Epstein!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PUjrTzwJzMc (Jimmy Dore: Epstein Depravity Is EVEN WORSE Than You Thought! The Jimmy Dore Show)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0ZeN8gHVSWI (The Outer Light: FBI Docs: 4Chan Poster Identified as Prison Guard (Epstein Switch Theory))
https://x.com/esoteric_ed
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YDfDWDTIg0E (Voidzilla: the epstein files are getting worse…)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w8dxiZ7XCXc (Zodiac, Majestic 12 & The Illuminati have been mentioned in the Epstein Files - Psicoactivo #825)
https://www.youtube.com/@RedPandaKoalaBackupChannel/videos
NASA Astronomy Picture of the Day
February 4, 2026
Spiral Galaxy NGC 1512: Wide Field
Most galaxies don't have any rings why does this galaxy have three? To begin, a ring that's near NGC 1512's center and so hard to see here – is the nuclear ring which glows brightly with recently formed stars. Next out is a ring of stars and dust appearing both red and blue, called, counter-intuitively, the inner ring. This inner ring connects ends of a diffuse central bar of stars that runs horizontally across the galaxy. Farthest out in this wide field image is a ragged structure that might be considered an outer ring. This outer ring appears spiral-like and is dotted with clusters of bright blue stars. All these ring structures are thought to be affected by NGC 1512's own gravitational asymmetries in a drawn-out process called secular evolution. The featured image was captured last month from a telescope at Deep Sky Chile in Chile.
https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/astropix.html
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VLrwk_CPUAg
Pole Shift Beginning Early? | S0 News and frens
Feb.4.2026
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ppcTjdWwXZA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7EHk4yKM33Y (X4 Solar Flare, Pole Shift, YouTube Glitching)
https://watchers.news/2026/02/04/impulsive-x4-2-solar-flare-erupts-from-geoeffective-active-region-4366/
https://www.newser.com/story/383084/get-ready-for-some-major-space-weather.html
https://www.aol.com/articles/powerful-solar-flares-could-spark-195542375.html
https://www.ecoticias.com/en/meteorologists-warn-that-an-anomaly-in-the-polar-vortex-is-approaching-and-that-its-speed-and-shape-do-not-match-what-textbooks-taught-decades-ago/26627/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hGo0d7zKgjU (Ray's Astrophotography: Solar Storms and Earthquakes — What’s Happening? Is There a Connection? What They Don’t Explain)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LIjfx9AieVk (Dobsonian Power: SOLAR DISASTER FORCES NASA TO DELAY HISTORIC MOON LAUNCH!)
https://x.com/StefanBurnsGeo/status/2018785620299239592
https://x.com/MrMBB333/status/2019058922083238395
https://x.com/SchumannBotDE/status/2019048633929216155
https://www.space.com/live/aurora-forecast-northern-lights-possible-tonight-feb-4
https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/news/another-strong-x15-flare-solar-region-4366
https://www.spaceweather.gov/news/x42-flare-region-4366
https://spaceweather.com/
ISRO warns of strong radio blackout risk as intense solar storms threaten satellite communications
Updated on: 04 Feb 2026, 4:55 am
India’s space agency has issued a warning about the potential for strong radio blackouts as the Sun continues to unleash powerful bursts of energy toward the Earth, signalling heightened space weather activity that could disrupt satellite communications, navigation systems and high-frequency radio services.
According to the alert, intense solar storms — driven by eruptions of energy and charged particles from the Sun’s surface — can lead to significant disturbances in the Earth’s upper atmosphere, including a spike in ionisation levels.
When this happens, radio waves used for long-distance communication can be absorbed rather than reflected by the ionosphere, causing radio blackouts that affect aviation, maritime communications and other critical services.
These space weather events have the potential to interfere with television signals, radar systems and even power grids if they are sufficiently strong.
ISRO is closely tracking the situation, monitoring the activity of more than 50 Indian satellites for any signs of disruption.
The space agency’s scientists are also drawing on data from the Aditya-L1 solar observatory, which has been instrumental in decoding how solar storms interact with Earth’s magnetic shield.
Earlier studies using Aditya-L1 observations showed that when a powerful solar eruption impacts Earth, it can compress the planet’s magnetic field and expose satellites in orbit to increased stress from charged particles and turbulent conditions — underscoring why real-time monitoring is critical to protecting space assets.
Confirming the development, Anil Kumar, Director of the Indian Space Research Organisation's Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC), told NDTV that; "…there is a strong possibility of radio blackouts.
All ISRO satellites are being monitored very closely, and any communication loss will be attended to immediately."
Space weather experts explain that these disturbances arise from phenomena such as solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs), massive bubbles of hot plasma and magnetic fields thrown out by the Sun.
When these structures are directed toward Earth, they can trigger geomagnetic storms that accelerate particles and create currents in the upper atmosphere.
These storms have been known to cause short-term outages in satellite sensors, temporary navigation errors, and interruptions in radio communication as the ionospheric environment rapidly changes.
While such events do not pose a direct threat to life on the ground, they can have tangible effects on the technology that modern society relies on.
Even short periods of elevated solar activity can make high-frequency radio channels unreliable, disrupt satellite-based navigation and communication links, and necessitate precautionary adjustments by satellite operators.
For instance, satellites in low Earth orbit may experience increased atmospheric drag during geomagnetic disturbances, accelerating their orbital decay and requiring manoeuvres to maintain altitude.
ISRO’s warning highlights not only the dynamic nature of space weather but also the broader global effort to understand and mitigate its impacts.
With the Sun nearing a more active phase of its 11-year cycle, scientists worldwide remain vigilant, both for safeguarding existing space infrastructure and for preparing terrestrial systems that depend on uninterrupted communication and navigation services.
As the situation evolves, further advisories from space agencies and updates on solar activity will be crucial for industries and services that could be affected by heightened space weather conditions.
https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2026/Feb/04/isro-warns-of-strong-radio-blackout-risk-as-intense-solar-storms-threaten-satellite-communications
https://medium.com/@davidsereda/jupiter-the-mission-of-3i-atlas-fulfills-the-ancient-prophecy-to-the-date-a9005585e73b
https://www.youtube.com/@DavidSereda
https://news.ssbcrack.com/3i-atlas-just-a-comet-methane-discovery-sparks-new-debate/
https://www.marca.com/en/lifestyle/world-news/2026/02/04/6983333422601dff048b4596.html
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E2C7KeaymhY (Professor Avi Loeb: Is There Life on 3I/ATLAS?)
https://x.com/kotoba10/status/2018834710328455497
https://x.com/Defence12543/status/2018981961633792195
Jupiter, The MISSION of 3I/Atlas fulfills the Ancient Prophecy to the DATE
February 4, 2026
3I/Atlas arrives at it’s “closest” to Jupiter on March 16, 2025, which is marked in Islam as the “Night of Power” — when Archangel Gabriel appeared to Muhammad to begin reciting the first verses of the Quran:
The plan is to use the NASA Juno spacecraft to intercept for close photography of 3I/Atlas starting just before March 16:
This is Spring Equinox, for 2026, a remarkable date for “Earth” with an impossible close encounter with Jupiter and its moons bekoning Earth to be “watching” what the meaning of this encounter is.
On the 25th of March, 3I/Atlas intercepts the “orbit” of Jupiter, which has an orbit of 4,332.58 Earth-days in “time”.
What is March 25th? On the Catholic Calendar, it is the “Annunciation” by the Archangel Gabriel to the Mother Mary of Jesus (Isa, Yeshua) = which is 40 weeks (280 days) to Christmas !
The Great Pyramid of Egypt being 280 Royal Cubist tall to its missing apex.
Jesus declares he is the Missing Capstone “head” in Acts 4:11 https://biblehub.com/text/acts/4-11.htm
Now we will discover that not only was March 16–25th + the Easter window, and the 3 days from Easter to Resurrection, was a former mythic death to resurrection celebrated in ancient Turkey to Syria, but also to the ancient Greeks and Romans called Hilaria.
Hilaria was a joyful spring festival in the Roman calendar celebrating the resurrection of the god Attis and honoring the Great Mother goddess Cybele. The name literally means “the Cheerful Ones / Days of Rejoicing.”
📅 Date on the Roman Calendar
Main day: March 25
Occurred just after the spring equinox (around March 21).
It formed the climax of a longer cycle called the Megalensia/Attis rites held March 15–27.
What the day meant
It marked the moment when mourning for Attis ended and public rejoicing began.
Romans believed Attis, companion of Cybele, had been restored to life — symbolizing the renewal of nature.
How it was celebrated
People wore bright clothes, exchanged jokes, and held street processions.
Masks and role-reversals were common — similar in spirit to Carnival traditions.
Social rules were relaxed; even solemn officials were expected to be cheerful.
Place in the religious cycle
March 22 — Arbor intrat (the pine tree of Attis brought in; mourning begins)
March 24 — Dies Sanguinis (day of grief and ecstatic rites)
March 25 — Hilaria — day of joy and celebration
March 26 — day of rest
March 27 — ritual bathing of Cybele’s sacred image
Moving point: when Holy Week hits March 25 (2nd–4th c.)
Below are the exact years (CE) in which March 25 (Julian civic calendar) lands on a specific Holy Week day if you use the standard Julian computus (the same kind of Easter math that later becomes dominant in the empire).
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1) March 25 = Easter Sunday
In these years, Easter itself falls on the same day as Hilaria:
221, 232, 316, 395
That means the overlap is maximal: Hilaria day == Easter day.
2) March 25 = Good Friday
In these years, March 25 falls on Good Friday (the strongest “Passion overlap”):
175, 186, 259, 270, 281, 343, 354, 365, 376
3) March 25 = Holy Saturday
153, 164, 243, 248, 327, 338
4) March 25 = Palm Sunday
199, 210, 283, 294, 305, 367, 378, 389
5) March 25 = Easter Monday
194, 205, 289, 300, 384
So in the 2nd–4th centuries, under the dominant Julian-style Easter computation, March 25 collides with Holy Week/Easter fairly often (and sometimes extremely dramatically: Good Friday or Easter Sunday).
The “overlap picture” in one sentence
In the Roman world, March 25 already meant “joy after a death-and-return myth” (Hilaria), and in a significant number of 2nd–4th century years March 25 also lands inside Holy Week or even on Easter itself, while Christian chronographers increasingly treated March 25 as a cosmically significant anchor date that later becomes identified with Annunciation/Conception
Single Timeline — Rome, March 365 CE
Roman civic & Attis rites
March 22 — Arbor Intrat
Pine tree of Attis carried into Cybele’s sanctuary.
The tree is wrapped like a corpse → symbol of the god’s death.
March 23 — Mourning continues
Public lamentations, fasting, temple rites.
March 24 — Dies Sanguinis
Peak of grief; ecstatic rituals of the Galli priests.
City atmosphere: drums, cymbals, wailing for the dead god.
March 25 — Hilaria
Sudden reversal → day of rejoicing.
Attis proclaimed restored to life.
Masks, bright clothes, street celebration.
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https://www.space.com/space-exploration/artemis/nasa-had-3-years-to-fix-fuel-leaks-on-its-artemis-moon-rocket-why-are-they-still-happening
https://www.nasa.gov/blogs/missions/2026/02/03/artemis-ii-wet-dress-rehearsal-nasa-discusses-initial-results/
https://www.nasa.gov/image-article/full-moon-over-artemis-ii/
https://x.com/Ellieinspace/status/2018765895355777094
NASA had 3 years to fix fuel leaks on its Artemis moon rocket. Why are they still happening?
February 4, 2026
NASA was forced to end a critical fueling test of its giant Artemis 2 rocket early in the wee hours of Tuesday, delaying its mission to launch astronauts around the moon by at least a month.
Now that a new day has dawned on the big orange launch vehicle, the space agency is attempting to shed some light on what exactly went wrong — and a lot of what it's saying sounds familiar.
The fueling testfor NASA's Artemis 2 Space Launch System (SLS) rocket began late Saturday (Jan. 31), and ran until Tuesday morning.
Called a "wet dress rehearsal," it's a test to put the SLS launch vehicle and ground teams through a simulated countdown clock to fully power-on and fuel the rocket with the more than 700,000 gallons of liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen it needs to get off the ground.
Tanking operations began smoothly yesterday (Feb. 2) after mission managers polled "go" to begin procedures, but hydrogen leaks detected at the SLS tail service mast umbilical quick disconnect on the launch platform put technicians into a troubleshooting mode most of the afternoon.
If that sounds familiar, it's because the Artemis 1 SLS experienced hydrogen leaks in the same location during its wet dress rehearsal three years ago.
Those leaks resulted in three separate rollbacks to NASA's cavernous Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) over the course of six months before Artemis 1 would finally launch.
Artemis 1 launched in November 2022 and flew an uncrewed Orion spacecraft on a month-long mission to lunar orbit and back.
With Artemis 2, NASA will test Orion's ability to sustain astronauts in deep space.
NASA astronauts Reid Wiseman, Victor Glover and Christina Koch, and Canadian astronaut Jeremy Hansen, will ride aboard Orion on a 10-day mission around the far side of the moon.
The flight will qualify the spacecraft's systems for Artemis 3, which NASA is planning as the mission to land astronauts back on the lunar surface.
"We really did learn a lot from the Artemis 1 mission, and we implemented a lot of the lessons learned yesterday through wet dress," Lori Glaze, NASA's Exploration Systems Development Mission Directorate acting associate administrator, said during a post-wet dress rehearsal press conference on Tuesday.
"Everyone's aware of some of the challenges with the hydrogen tanking from Artemis 1, and we've made some changes," Glaze said.
To NASA's credit, the Artemis 2 wet dress rehearsal went far smoother than Artemis 1's first fueling test.
Despite the hours of troubleshooting the persistent hydrogen leak — which NASA officials say was stabilized within acceptable limits (but never eliminated) —mission operators managed to fully fuel both SLS stages and carry the test down to the simulated clock's terminal count (the last 10 minutes before liftoff).
But the team didn't quite get as close to T-0 as needed in order to earn NASA's gold stamp of approval to launch with a crew onboard.
"The fact that we got to full tanking yesterday on the first try was a tremendous success, and we gathered an enormous amount of data in the processes and how we want to go forward with that in the future," Glaze said.
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At T-5 minutes 15 seconds, the SLS ground launch sequencer terminated the count due to a spike in the same quick disconnect hydrogen leak it had experienced all afternoon, which was cause to abort the test, NASA said.
"As we began that pressurization, we did see that the leak within the cavity came up pretty quick," Artemis Launch Director Charlie Blackwell-Thompson said during Tuesday's press briefing, referring to a cavity on the rocket's mast umbilical. The activity triggered safety procedures already in place for such contingencies, she added.
"We got into our safety steps. We saw the hydrogen concentration come down and then later in the evening, we got into our drain operation," she said.
While maintaining the wet dress rehearsal an overall success in terms of data gathered and the accolade of filling SLS's tanks on the first try, Blackwell-Thompson also assured that, unlike Artemis 1, the hydrogen hiccups can likely be addressed at the pad, and don't seem to warrant a rollback to the VAB for maintenance.
"During Artemis 1, we found out that we can do some work on these plates at the pad," Blackwell-Thompson said. "I had hoped that we would not have to demonstrate that again for Artemis 2, but we showed that we can go do this work at the pad and be ready for launch."
As for why SLS is still experiencing these same hydrogen leaks after three years between missions, NASA officials have some theories, but haven't quite nailed down a definitive cause.
"These are very bespoke components," NASA Associate Administrator Amit Kshatriya said Tuesday, describing each SLS as its own unique vehicle to learn and understand.
The leaky seal could possibly be a result of vibrations incurred during the rocket's initial rollout to the pad,, Kshatriya said. It took the Artemis 2 SLS rocket nearly 12 hours to make the 4-mile trip to the pad from the VAB at a top speed of 1 mile an hour last month.
"That rollout environment is very complicated," he added, noting that the Artemis 1 SLS was put through different acceleration tests on its way between the VAB and the pad at Launch Complex-39B specifically to help determine the effect of such stresses on the rocket and launch platform. "We think that's a contributor. But again, we have to tear the seal apart and see what happened."
"This is the first time this particular machine has borne witness to cryogens. And how it breathes, and how it vents, and how it wants to leak is something we have to characterize," Kshatriya said, and testing before the launch pad can only go so far.
Even with an "aggressive approach" to dealing with hydrogen leaks during Artemis 1, "we're pretty limited as to how much realism we can put into the test," said John Honeycutt, the chair of NASA's Artemis Mission Management team.
"We try to test like we fly, but this interface is a very complex interface, and when you're dealing with hydrogen, it's a small molecule, it's highly energetic," he said, admitting he and mission managers weren't expecting these issues to crop up again.
"This one caught us off guard," Honeycutt added. "The initial things that we were seeing in the technical team felt like we either had some sort of misalignment or some sort of deformation or debris on the seal."
With the conclusion of the wet dress rehearsal today, we are moving off the February launch window and targeting March for the earliest possible launch of Artemis II.With more than three years between SLS launches, we fully anticipated encountering challenges.
That is precisely…February 3, 2026
NASA needs to evaluate the rocket and ground infrastructure at the pad before determining the next possible date to attempt another wet dress rehearsal, and has opted to forgo Artemis 2's February launch opportunity, which, had the test gone successfully, spanned from Feb. 8-11.
"With more than three years between SLS launches, we fully anticipated encountering challenges," NASA Administrator Jared Isaacman said in a post on X early Tuesday.
"That is precisely why we conduct a wet dress rehearsal. These tests are designed to surface issues before flight and set up launch day with the highest probability of success."
Mission managers are now targeting next month's window, which is open March 6-9 and March 11, with about five days available around the first week of each month thereafter.
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Biomedical Research, CubeSat Deployments Top Crew Schedule
February 3, 2026
Biomedical research to keep crews healthy and CubeSat deployments for educational research topped the science schedule aboard the International Space Station on Tuesday.
The Expedition 74 crew also focused on cargo swaps and life support maintenance throughout the day.
NASA Flight Engineer Chris Williams processed his body samples during the first half of his shift for the long-running CIPHER astronaut health study. He collected then stowed his urine samples inside a science freezer for preservation and later analysis.
The human research investigation looks at a broad range of physiological and psychological parameters before, during, and after a spaceflight to understand how the human body adapts to weightlessness.
Doctors will use the insights to keep crews healthy as they travel farther away from Earth.
Williams also pointed a camera out a window on the cupola as a set of CubeSats were deployed outside the Kibo laboratory module by a small satellite orbital deployer into Earth orbit.
Students from Mexico, Italy, Thailand, Malaysia, and Japan designed the shoe-boxed satellites for a series of Earth observations and technology demonstrations.
Williams also logged onto a station computer and studied procedures to monitor the approach and rendezvous of the SpaceX Crew-12 mission aboard a Dragon spacecraft targeted to launch no earlier than Feb. 11 from Cape Canaveral in Florida.
The first-time space flyer then continued packing completed science experiments and station hardware for return to Earth inside a Dragon spacecraft docked to the Harmony module’s forward port.
Flight Engineer Sergei Mikaev started his shift in the Nauka science module replacing battery controllers to maintain safe operations of the Roscosmos segment’s electrical power system.
After lunchtime, Mikaev inspected and cleaned a pair of laptop computers before removing hardware and crew supplies from the Progress 92 cargo craft and stowing them inside the orbital outpost.
Station Commander Sergey Kud-Sverchkov spent his shift primarily on lab maintenance in the station’s Roscosmos’ modules.
He first verified the location and configuration of a variety tool kits then inventoried and photographed the tools for analysis on the ground.
Afterward, Kud-Sverchkov cleaned and inspected station smoked detectors and their components verifying they were in functional condition.
https://www.nasa.gov/blogs/spacestation/2026/02/03/biomedical-research-cubesat-deployments-top-crew-schedule/
NASA rocket launch outside Fairbanks kicks off a series of aurora experiments
February 3, 2026 at 12:10 PM AKST
The Poker Flat Research Range near Fairbanks saw its first launch of the year on Jan. 30, at the crack of dawn.
Several hours before go-time, in a warm office building inside the sprawling facility, a group of Virginia Tech scientists were hurriedly calibrating equipment, scribbling equations on dry erase boards and burning lots and lots of "rocket fuel," as graduate researcher Sowmya Muthurangan called it.
"Doughnuts and coffee," she said. "It is fundamental. Absolutely fundamental."
The breakroom table was stacked with boxes of doughnuts, all of them either pink or sprinkled with pink.
The researchers said when it comes to rocketry, the devil's in the details — and the doughnuts must be pink on launch night.
Scott Bailey, who heads up the project, said he's big on traditions — not superstitions. But a lot can go wrong on a night like this.
"You have to learn to live with disappointment," Bailey said. "Think of all the things that have to work — all the stuff on the rocket, the instrumentation, the batteries that power it, the radio that communicates the data down.
Everything has to be perfect."
Bailey's project is the first in a series of NASA-affiliated launches planned for the next few weeks.
Each mission will explore a little-understood aspect of aurora physics. One, called Black and Diffuse Aurora Science Surveyor, or BaDASS, will focus on a phenomena called black aurora, which look like dark structures that drift along the regular aurora.
They happen when auroral particles temporarily thin out or shut off in the upper atmosphere.
Another mission, called the Geophysical Non-Equilibrium Ionospheric System Science, or GNEISS, will gather information on how disturbances in the atmosphere distort auroral sheets, which look like folds in the aurora.
Two rockets will launch moments apart and cross an arc together.
Bailey's team of Virginia Tech researchers used their rocket to study a type of gas the aurora creates when it excites nitrogen molecules.
The project is called "PolarNOx," with the N and O capitalized to represent nitric oxide. "Not nitrous oxide, which is laughing gas," Bailey insists.
The PolarNOx team's plan was to point the rocket at the star Algenib, then send it up to an altitude where the atmosphere is free of nitric oxide.
On the rocket's descent, they'd use an ultraviolet instrument onboard to pick up tiny losses in starlight when it's obscured by nitric oxide.
Those observations tell the scientists how much of the compound exists at different heights above Earth's surface.
Bailey said that data is critical to understanding the atmosphere as a whole.
"When nitric oxide is created, it lowers the amount of ozone in the stratosphere, and then there's less ozone to do the job of cooling the atmosphere," Bailey said.
"So that will change the circulation from equator to pole — things like how air moves around the globe, the polar vortex, the jet stream — it's all connected."
Bailey said the mission's success isn't guaranteed,but that you can be dedicated to success and still have fun.
"If you're flying rockets in space, and you're not having fun, you're doing it wrong," Bailey said.
Just past 4 a.m., a crowd of guests and staff huddled together in the bitter winter wind to watch the launch.
Many listened for a countdown that never came and were surprised by the sudden flash that lit up the snow-covered hills, and by the roar that followed.
If you missed the PolarNOx launch, or blinked before takeoff, more launches are planned at the Poker Flat facility between Feb. 7 and Feb. 20.
https://alaskapublic.org/news/environment/2026-02-03/nasa-rocket-launch-outside-fairbanks-kicks-off-a-series-of-aurora-experiments
Nasa told to set space sex guidelines before 'things get out of hand' ahead of Moon missions
04/02/2026 - 10:16
Experts argue there is an 'urgent' need to look more closely around human reproduction beyond Earth
Scientists have urged space agencies to set up guidelines around sex before "things get out of hand" as we enter a "new era of space exploration".
With long-duration missions to the Moon and the growth of commercial space tourism, experts argue there is an "urgent" need to look more closely around human reproduction beyond Earth.
In a new study published in the journal Reproductive BioMedicine Online, the scientists argue the "question of human fertility in space is no longer theoretical but urgently practical".
Despite more than 65 years of human spaceflight activities, "little is known" about its effect on reproductive systems during longer missions.
Giles Palmer, a clinical embryologist and one of the authors of the paper, said guidelines are required before "things get out of hand", The Times reports.
The study notes: "As access to space expands beyond elite astronauts and cosmonauts to include wealthy tourists, civilian crews, and commercial clients, there is an urgent need to reassess existing physiological, medical and bioethical frameworks.
"National space agencies, such as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), European Space Agency (ESA), and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), have historically upheld an applied research-driven, safety-first ethos.
"Conversely, commercial enterprises are motivated by innovation, market competition, and profitability, and private companies plan long-duration missions and future extraterrestrial settlements."
While shorter missions such as Apollo 14 posed "minimal reproduction risk", the researchers "highlighted the hazards that astronauts would face during extended lunar or Martian exploration".
However, they noted "at least two Apollo astronauts fathered children following spaceflight, perhaps suggesting that this relatively minimal radiation exposure did not affect their future fertility".
Meanwhile, a mission to Mars could involve more radiation exposure, potentially compromising "testicular function, future fertility, and the health of offspring".
The report concludes: "While Nasa's Reach framework has acknowledged the general risks, detailed reproductive planning, especially for long-duration and commercial missions, is lacking.
As non-professional and untrained individuals are accessing space increasingly, opportunities to collect essential biological data risk being overlooked.
"To confront these ethical challenges responsibly and prepare for the reality of human reproduction in space, there is a need to establish guidelines to form an International Framework and Collective Industry Ethics Review Board.
"To accelerate progress, responsible dedication into evaluating all reproduction-related research is needed to ensure comprehensive oversight."
Nasa is currently planning the first manned moon mission in half a century.
The 10-day Artemis II mission was due to launch this week, but has been pushed back to March after issues were uncovered with the Space Launch System rocket's fueling process.
https://www.gbnews.com/science/space-nasa-sex-guidlines-moon