Interesting.
72 Sects (Firqah): One of the most commonly cited references is from a hadith in which Prophet Muhammad is reported to have said that his Ummah (community) would split into 73 sects, with 72 of them going to Hell and only one (the correct path) entering Paradise. This is often cited in discussions about religious unity and orthodoxy.
Houri in Paradise: The idea of 72 virgins (houri) in Islamic paradise originates from certain hadiths, though the term "virgins" is a misinterpretation. The correct term is houri, which refers to beautiful, pure companions in Paradise. The number 72 is not explicitly mentioned in the Quran but appears in later hadith collections. Scholars note that this number may have been exaggerated or symbolic, possibly influenced by cultural or literary traditions.
Cultural and Religious Precedents: The number 72 appears frequently in other religious and cultural traditions, such as the 72 disciples sent by Jesus in Luke 10, the 72 translators of the Septuagint, and the 72 names of God in Jewish Kabbalah. This suggests a broader symbolic or mystical significance across Abrahamic and ancient traditions, possibly influencing its use in Islamic eschatology.
Academic Perspectives: Some scholars and researchers argue that the concept of 72 virgins is a misrepresentation or exaggeration by later generations, possibly used to motivate early Muslim converts during times of conflict. Others suggest the number symbolizes abundance and divine reward rather than literal sexual fulfillment.
In summary, while 72 is not a central number in the Quran itself, it is significant in hadith literature, particularly concerning sectarian division and the nature of Paradise. Interpretations vary widely, and many modern scholars emphasize symbolic rather than literal meanings.