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HPS/ARGV AI response:
where are the biolabs located in Argentina? Which ones were working on HPS/ANDV. Explicitly restrict the report to 2017 to 2025? When was it noticed that person to person infection started? Has ANDV become more deadly over time? Has it become more infectious? Can this virus be treated with mebendazol, Fenbendazol or ivermectin like Corona virus's can? Please also find the international financial sponsors of the laboratories' work, specifically Dr Anthony Fauci, the CDC, Bill Gates' foundation, the WHO and WEF.
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This report details the diagnostic and research infrastructure for Andes virus (ANDV) and Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) in Argentina, addressing developments in transmission, treatment, and institutional sponsorship between 2017 and 2025.
Biolabs and Research Locations (2017–2025)
In Argentina, research and diagnostic work on high-pathogenicity viruses like ANDV are primarily centralized in state-run institutions with the necessary biosafety infrastructure.
ANLIS Malbrán (Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud): Located in Buenos Aires, this is the primary national reference center. The Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas (INEI) within ANLIS Malbrán hosts the National Reference Laboratory for Hantavirus (NRLH). This facility is responsible for isolating viral strains—such as the ARG-Epuyén strain—and performing genetic sequencing (Coelho et al., 2025).
University-Linked Institutes: Technical research into zoonotic interfaces and new orthohantaviruses is conducted at:
IIET (Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales): Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa).
INECOA (Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas): A joint venture between CONICET and the Universidad Nacional de Jujuy.
Hospital Francisco J. Muñiz: Located in Buenos Aires, this hospital specializes in infectious diseases and collaborates closely with ANLIS Malbrán on HPS clinical studies.
Transmission and Evolution of ANDV
Person-to-Person Transmission
While most hantaviruses are strictly zoonotic (transmitted from rodents to humans), ANDV is unique for its capacity for human-to-human spread.
First Noticed: The first documented instances of person-to-person transmission occurred in 1996 in El Bolsón, Argentina (Coelho et al., 2025).
Recent Outbreaks: A significant sustained transmission event was recorded starting in November 2018 in Epuyén, Chubut. This outbreak demonstrated a high capacity for human-to-human spread, requiring strict quarantine and contact tracing (Coelho et al., 2025).
Virulence and Infectivity
There is no definitive scientific evidence that ANDV has become "more deadly" or "more infectious" in a general sense over time. Instead, research suggests that strain-specific factors determine pathogenicity. For instance, the ARG-Epuyén strain isolated in 2018 showed efficient transmission in animal models but appeared slightly less pathogenic (lower lethality) in hamsters compared to older local strains like Andes/ARG (Coelho et al., 2025). High case-fatality rates (21–50%) remain a consistent feature of ANDV-HPS (Coelho et al., 2025).
Treatment and Medical Countermeasures
There is currently no evidence that Mebendazole, Fenbendazole, or Ivermectin are effective treatments for Andes virus or HPS.
Anthelmintics vs. Viruses: These drugs are primarily anthelmintics used to treat parasitic worm infections (helminthiasis) (Bleach et al., 2025).
Clinical Status: No effective antiviral treatment for ANDV-HPS is currently available; standard medical protocol emphasizes supportive care (e.g., mechanical ventilation, fluid management) in intensive care units as the key to survival (ECDC, 2026).