notable
These days, if anon wants to take food (restaurant/fast food/junk food) the way it used to be in the 80s, traveling to Italy, France or the UK is the only option.
The taste memory is instantaneous.
tyb
Weather Modification dig:
From Grok: The main international treaty on weather modification is the Environmental Modification Convention (ENMOD), formally the Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques.
Key Facts
Adopted: By UN General Assembly Resolution 31/72 on 10 December 1976.
Opened for signature: 18 May 1977 in Geneva.
Entered into force: 5 October 1978.
Parties: Around 78 states (as of recent counts; originally 48 signatories). The UN Secretary-General is the depositary.
Core Provisions
Article I prohibits states parties from engaging in “military or any other hostile use of environmental modification techniques having widespread, long-lasting or severe effects as the means of destruction, damage or injury to any other State Party.” States also agree not to assist, encourage, or induce others to do so.
Article II defines “environmental modification techniques” as any technique for changing—through the deliberate manipulation of natural processes—the dynamics, composition, or structure of the Earth (including its biota, lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere) or of outer space.
Thresholds (from the treaty’s Understandings):
Widespread: Encompassing an area on the scale of several hundred square kilometres.
Long-lasting: Lasting for a period of months, or approximately a season.
Severe: Involving serious or significant disruption or harm to human life, natural and economic resources, or other assets.
Illustrative examples of prohibited effects (when used hostilely) include earthquakes, tsunamis, upsets in ecological balance, changes in weather patterns (clouds, precipitation, cyclones, tornadic storms), changes in climate patterns, ocean currents, the ozone layer, or the ionosphere.
Article III explicitly states that the Convention does not hinder the use of environmental modification techniques for peaceful purposes (e.g., cloud seeding for water management or agriculture) and is without prejudice to applicable rules of international law on such uses. Parties are encouraged to exchange scientific and technological information on peaceful applications.
Background
The treaty grew out of concerns in the early 1970s, including U.S. weather-modification activities during the Vietnam War (notably Operation Popeye, which involved cloud seeding to extend the monsoon season and disrupt supply lines). The U.S. renounced hostile climate-modification techniques in 1972, and bilateral U.S.–Soviet discussions led to parallel draft texts submitted to the Conference of the Committee on Disarmament.
Related Instruments
A 1975 bilateral Agreement Between Canada and the United States requires exchange of information and prior notification of weather-modification activities of mutual interest (those conducted within 200 miles of the border or with potential transboundary effects).
Peaceful weather modification (such as cloud seeding) remains legal and is practiced in various countries; it is subject to domestic reporting requirements in places like the United States (Weather Modification Reporting Act of 1972) but is not banned by ENMOD.
Broader environmental and climate treaties (e.g., UNFCCC/Paris Agreement, Convention on Biological Diversity) may have indirect relevance to large-scale interventions, but ENMOD is the primary instrument specifically addressing hostile environmental modification.
ENMOD is a disarmament-oriented treaty focused on preventing the environment from being used as a weapon of war. It does not regulate or ban peaceful research or operational weather modification.
Wikipedia link
https://www.atomicarchive.com/resources/treaties/environmental-modification.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_Modification_Convention
>Weather Modification dig:
moar sauce:
https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/en/ihl-treaties/enmod-1976/understandings?activeTab=default
https://legalclarity.org/operation-popeye-weather-warfare-and-international-law/
o7
>they love being unloved.