DNA Structure and Functions
DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic acid, a macromolecule that carries genetic information in all living organisms, from the tiniest microorganisms to the most complex multicellular humans. DNA is a fundamental molecule that holds life’s blueprint.
Within a eukaryotic cell (plant and animal), they are found inside the nucleus, distributed among its chromosomes. Chromosomes consist of thousands of short DNA segments called genes. In contrast, DNA is located within a central dense area called the nucleoid in a prokaryotic cell like bacteria.
Since DNA reside inside the cell, it is too small to be seen with the naked eye. They are visible only under an electron microscope. Some organisms have ribonucleic acid (RNA) instead of DNA as their genetic material.
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