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Pieces of Halley’s comet will streak across the sky this week in a spectacular celestial display
October 20, 2026
The Orionid meteor shower peaks October 21-22, bringing fast meteors from Halley's comet. Discover when and where to watch despite moonlight.
This week, tiny pieces of Halley’s comet will burn up in Earth’s atmosphere and streak across the night sky. The Orionid meteor shower is expected to peak around October 21-22.
A bright Moon will get in the way for part of the night, so timing matters. The best views should come in the dark hours just before dawn, after the Moon has set.
Dust from a famous comet
Every October, Earth passes through a stream of dust and rock left behind by Halley’s comet. When those particles hit the atmosphere at high speed, they burn up and create the bright streaks we call meteors.
Halley’s comet orbits the Sun about once every 76 years, according to NASA. Casual observers last saw it in 1986, and it will not return to the inner solar system until 2061.
The comet’s debris produces two meteor showers a year. The Eta Aquariids appear in May, and the Orionids arrive in October.
That means the Orionids offer a way to see material from Halley’s comet decades before the comet itself comes back.
When the shower peaks
The Orionids are active from early October to early November, according to the American Meteor Society. The peak is expected on October 21-22.
EarthSky puts the predicted maximum at 18:00 UTC on October 21, which is 2 p.m. Eastern Daylight Time. The shower has a broad peak, so several mornings around that date can be good.
That prediction comes from the Observer’s Handbook of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada, which EarthSky cites. In practice, the mornings of October 21 and 22 are the ones to target in North America.
Under dark skies with no Moon, observers can expect about 10 to 20 meteors per hour, EarthSky says. In some exceptional years, rates have reached 50 to 75 meteors per hour.
NASA gives a slightly higher figure, about 23 meteors per hour under moonless skies. Either way, patience pays off, since the shower plays out over hours rather than minutes.
Working around the Moon
This year, a bright waxing gibbous Moon will be in the sky after midnight during the peak. Its light will wash out the fainter meteors.
The Moon sets a few hours before dawn, which leaves a window of darker sky. That is when the radiant, the point the meteors seem to come from, is high in the sky.
The full Moon follows on October 26, so the skies will only get brighter after the peak. Night skies can surprise observers in other ways too, such as the red auroras seen over Japan during recent solar storms.
Where to look
The Orionids get their name from their radiant, which lies in the constellation Orion, north of the bright star Betelgeuse. It rises before midnight and is highest around 2 a.m.
You do not need to look straight at Orion. NASA suggests looking 45 to 90 degrees away from the radiant, where meteors appear longer.
In the Northern Hemisphere, NASA recommends lying on your back with your feet pointing southeast. That lets you take in as much of the sky as possible.
Observers in the Southern Hemisphere can do the same with their feet pointing northeast. EarthSky notes that the radiant sits near Orion’s raised club, not far from Betelgeuse.
No telescope or binoculars are needed. The goal is to see as much open sky as possible with the naked eye.
Why the meteors are so fast
Orionid meteors travel at about 41 miles (66 kilometers) per second, or about 148,000 miles per hour, according to NASA.
That is only about 3 miles (5 kilometers) per second slower than the Leonids, which peak in November, Space.com reports.
The comet’s official name is 1P/Halley. Each grain of its dust that enters the atmosphere at these speeds heats up and glows as it burns away.
https://www.earth.com/space/pieces-of-halleys-comet-will-streak-across-the-sky-this-week-in-a-spectacular-celestial-display/
https://weather.com/2026/10/20/science/space/orionid-meteor-shower-weather-forecast-rain-cloud-cover
https://www.space.com/stargazing/meteor-showers/the-orionid-meteor-shower-peaks-oct-21-22-2026-heres-what-to-expect
https://www.wired.com/story/how-to-see-the-orionid-meteor-shower-and-other-upcoming-astronomical-events/
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https://phys.org/news/2026-10-lucy-mission-years-discoveries.html
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https://comicbookmovie.com/green-lantern/green-lantern-fans-astronomers-have-found-a-real-green-star-and-it-is-powered-by-destroyed-planets-a230505
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rH79TGultXM (Sabine Hossenfelder: It Shouldn’t Exist But it Does: Astronomers Find Green Star)
https://www.nasa.gov/missions/moon-base/nasa-provides-progress-update-on-moon-base-rovers/
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https://www.c-span.org/event/news-conference/nasa-officials-preview-upcoming-spacewalks/448510
NASA Provides Progress Update on Moon Base Rovers
Oct 20, 2026
As NASA works to build the Moon Base, crewed and robotic lunar rovers will play a crucial role during early development through technology demonstrations, astronaut transport, terrain mapping, scientific investigations, and resource prospecting.
Data from these early missions will inform future mobility systems and infrastructure needed for astronauts to live and work on the Moon.
On Tuesday, NASA released a Moon Base video update offering a closer look at the progress being made on the commercial lunar terrain vehicles and robotic rovers that will enable the surface mobility needed to build humanity’s first lunar outpost.
“Lunar rovers are central to our surface mobility strategy,” said Robert Pickle, director of the Surface Mobility Office within the agency’s Moon Base Program.
“Their performance will lay the groundwork for the mobility systems that will define the next era of exploration and ultimately determine how effectively we can build, operate, and expand the infrastructure required for long‑duration exploration.”
Learn more about NASA’s VIPER
NASA’s VIPER (Volatiles Investigating Polar Exploration Rover) will embark on a mission to the lunar South Pole region in 2027 to venture into permanently shadowed craters looking for water and other valuable resources essential for sustainable exploration.
After delivery to the lunar surface by a Blue Moon Mark 1 lander, VIPER will travel more than 18 miles (30 kilometers), collecting information about the thermal, lighting, and terrain environment in the Moon’s South Pole region.
This data could provide information about the origin and distribution of water on the Moon, help determine how lunar resources could be used for the Moon Base, as well as better understand the history of the Moon, Earth, and the processes that helped shape conditions for life.
Mission operations for VIPER will be run out of NASA’s Ames Research Center in Silicon Valley where teams are simulating possible scenarios for when the rover begins its mission on the Moon.
The VIPER rover is currently at NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston where it is fully built and undergoing final testing before traveling to NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida for launch to the Moon.
Lunar terrain vehicles
To advance surface mobility on the Moon, NASA awarded Astrolab and Lunar Outpost task orders to build the first phase of Moon Base rovers capable of carrying crew, called lunar terrain vehicles (LTVs), that will be delivered to the Moon ahead of crewed Artemis missions.
NASA awarded Blue Origin a task order to deliver the LTVs to the lunar South Pole region by 2028 through the agency’s CLPS (Commercial Lunar Payload Services) initiative.
The LTVs will be remotely operated from Earth, traversing up to 3.7 miles (6 kilometers) a day, mapping the lunar surface to help scientists produce high-resolution maps of the region, prior to crew arriving on future missions.
The rovers also will collect information to help NASA and its partners learn about operating in this extreme environment, such as data on lighting, navigation, and how well the LTVs preserve energy and function when driving in and out of permanently shadowed regions that can reach minus 334°F (minus 203°C).
This will help inform Moon Base development and improve on design and capability for future mobility systems, hardware, and infrastructure.
1/2
During missions on the lunar surface, Artemis astronauts will drive the LTVs as they explore geologically diverse areas of the lunar South Pole region, gathering geology samples to bring back to Earth for scientists to study.
The LTVs will be able to support up to three moonwalks per Artemis mission, transport up to 176 pounds (80 kilograms) of lunar samples and tools, and travel up to six miles (10 kilometers) on a single battery charge.
Astrolab
Astrolab’s Crewed Lunar Vehicle 1, or CLV-1, is a rover adapted from the company’s FLEX (Flexible Logistics and Exploration Vehicle) LTV architecture.
Astrolab recently delivered a mockup of CLV-1 to Axiom Space, where NASA astronauts wore mock-ups of the Artemis lunar spacesuit and evaluated the lunar rover’s design, crew cabin, and display interfaces.
Prior to CLV-1 arriving to the Moon, Astrolab will send its first robotic rover, FLIP (FLEX Lunar Innovation Platform), to the lunar surface as a payload on Voyager Technologies’ Griffin Mission One scheduled to launch in late 2026.
FLIP will study the environment of the South Pole and serve as a testbed for critical subsystems on CLV-1, which will include similar tires, batteries, radios, and cameras.
In the next few weeks, Astrolab engineers will head to NASA’s Glenn Research Center in Cleveland where they will use the center’s Simulated Lunar Operations laboratory to evaluate the how CLV-1’s flexible, airless wheels perform while driving on a simulated lunar surface.
Lunar Outpost
Lunar Outpost’s Pegasus crewed LTV is a lighter, mission-ready evolution of the company’s Eagle LTV. Prior to the award, Lunar Outpost built two mockups of Pegasus and recently delivered a third static mockup to NASA’s Johnson Space Center for crewed testing.
During the test, NASA astronauts wore pressurized spacesuits and evaluated the rover’s design, usability, and crew comfort.
In 2025, Lunar Outpost’s robotic exploration rover MAPP (Mobile Autonomous Prospecting Platform) operated at the Moon’s South Pole.
During the mission, MAPP acted as a testbed and collected data, achieving flight-proven readiness for key hardware and software subsystems, like its automatic thermal control system, navigation cameras, and mission control software that will be used to remotely operate Pegasus.
With a second MAPP rover scheduled to launch in early 2027, Lunar Outpost is advancing many of the key technologies that are directly transferable to Pegasus.
In the next few weeks, Lunar Outpost teams also will head to NASA Glenn to test and evaluate the soil mechanics, traction, and mobility of Pegasus’ spring mesh tires.
In the coming months, both Astrolab and Lunar Outpost will test drivable LTV mockups with NASA crew to evaluate how the rovers drive and operate in a simulated lunar environment.
Lunar Outpost is scheduled to complete the preliminary design review of their LTV in October, and Astrolab is scheduled to complete their preliminary design review by the end of December.
Both companies are on schedule to deliver the flight-ready hardware to NASA at the end of 2027.
As part of a Golden Age of innovation and exploration, NASA will send Artemis astronauts on increasingly difficult missions near the lunar South Pole to explore more of the Moon than ever before.
In addition to providing economic benefits and advancing scientific discovery through its Moon missions, NASA will establish an enduring human presence on the lunar surface and build on the agency’s foundation for the first crewed mission to Mars.
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Two NASA Commercial Satellite Communication Demonstrations Launch
October 20, 2026 11:40AM
Two NASA-funded demonstrations have successfully launched into low Earth orbit aboard the SpaceX Bandwagon-5 rideshare.
Over the coming weeks, both spacecraft will showcase advanced satellite communications capabilities designed to support the agency’s science missions.
After Tuesday’s launch, two of NASA’s partners, Viasat and SES Space and Defense, will prepare to test high- and low-rate communications capabilities for the agency.
Spacecraft often need to send and receive different kinds of information as they travel through space for missions. NASA uses high-rate data links to transmit large amounts of information, like scientific discoveries and 4K imagery, along with low-rate signals to track spacecraft and send basic commands. Both are essential to maintaining reliable connections across the solar system.
Viasat will test high- and low-rate relay services designed to keep spacecraft connected and data flowing at any point in flight using Maxwell, a demonstration spacecraft built by Rocket Lab.
Throughout the demonstration, Viasat will use intelligent autonomous technology to route data among the Maxwell spacecraft, their satellites in geosynchronous orbit, and their global network of ground stations.
SES Space and Defense will test high- and low-rate relay services designed to enable seamless, uninterrupted connectivity for spacecraft.
Throughout the demonstration, SES will leverage their O3b mPOWER fleet in medium Earth orbit to transmit high-rate data, and their satellites in geosynchronous orbit to transmit low-rate data, between the demonstration spacecraft and their ground stations on Earth.
In 2022, NASA’s Space Communications and Navigation (SCaN) division awarded $278.5 million to industry through the Communications Services Project to develop satellite services for space missions.
This work supports the agency’s decision to gradually retire its Tracking and Data Relay Satellite fleet and transition future low Earth orbit missions to commercial alternatives.
These efforts, along with the work previously completed by NASA’s commercial partners, will help the agency evaluate new ways to deliver critical information through space in real time.
The Communications Services Project, managed by NASA’s Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, will continue working with industry to test state-of-the-art relay capabilities through 2027.
https://www.nasa.gov/blogs/smallsatellites/2026/10/20/two-nasa-commercial-satellite-communication-demonstrations-launch/
https://www.discovermagazine.com/nasa-sends-brain-and-heart-tissue-models-to-the-iss-in-latest-resupply-mission-49818
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https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/nasas-simulated-mars-crew-marks-one-year-inside-habitat/
NASA Mars
@NASAMars
The MMX spacecraft carries two pieces of NASA hardware: The MEGANE instrument will be key to revealing the origin of Mars’s moons by measuring their elemental composition.
The P-Sampler demonstration will advance capabilities for surface material acquisition in low gravity.
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This will help inform future discoveries ⏤ and perhaps even crewed missions to the Red Planet.
NASA is also providing MMX with communication and navigation support via NASA's Deep Space Network.
The station in Madrid is receiving information from the spacecraft right now! https://eyes.nasa.gov/apps/dsn-now/dsn.html
5:25 PM · Oct 19, 2026
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NASA Goddard
@NASAGoddard
Sometimes bringing NASA’s missions to the public means you get closer to the mission than expected!
James Tran is a Public Affairs Intern in our Office of Communications.
He’s gaining experience in public speaking, photography & communications that help people connect to NASA.
8:48 AM · Oct 20, 2026
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needs a bowler hat
SpaceX Starlink Mission
October 20, 2026
SpaceX’s Falcon 9 is targeting the launch of 27 Starlink satellites to low-Earth orbit from Space Launch Complex 4 East (SLC-4E) at Vandenberg Space Force Base in California.
A live webcast of this mission will begin about 10 minutes prior to liftoff, which you can watch here and on X @SpaceX.
This will be the 36th flight for the first stage booster supporting this mission, which previously launched Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich, DART, Transporter-7, Iridium OneWeb, SDA-0B, NROL-113, NROL-167, NROL-149, NAOS, and 26 Starlink missions.
Following stage separation, the first stage will land on the Of Course I Still Love You droneship, which will be stationed in the Pacific Ocean.
There is the possibility that residents of Santa Barbara, San Luis Obispo, and Ventura counties may hear one or more sonic booms during the launch, but what residents experience will depend on weather and other conditions.
https://www.spacex.com/launches/sl-15-15
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d4zn2Tth8O0
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New brain for Galileo
20/10/2026
Twelve Galileo Second Generation (G2) satellites will join the current fleet in the coming years.
They will deliver unprecedented positioning, navigation and timing capabilities thanks to an array of new features, including a new signal generation module, the ‘brain' of the spacecraft.
Picture a huge industrial hall with high ceilings, bright lights and an open layout. Six workstations are spread through the space, each of them occupied by one satellite.
Much like an assembly line, Airbus Defence and Space (ADS) factory in Friedrichshafen, Germany, currently hosts six Galileo Second Generation satellites at different stages of integration.
Together with Thales Alenia Space (TAS), the two companies are building the G2 family that will carry many innovative features: electric propulsion, inter-satellite link capacity, an advanced atomic clock configuration, an enhanced navigation antenna and a new signal generator.
In a navigation satellite, the signal generation instrument reads the precise timing information provided by onboard atomic clocks and generates the signals that are transmitted to users on Earth, acting as the brain of the navigation in the satellite.
The G2 signal generation module will be even more intelligent than its first-generation counterpart.
It will be able to generate a variety of navigation signals in real time and be reprogrammed in orbit to create new ones, giving Galileo greater flexibility to adapt to evolving user needs while maintaining its high level performance.
This innovative ability to reconfigure in orbit will translate into signals that can become even more robust against interference, support faster acquisition, allow for higher positioning accuracy, and overall adapt to meet needs that we cannot yet anticipate.
Airbus has recently put this new brain to the test. Having successfully passed all examinations in Toulouse, France, the first module is now back in Friedrichshafen for its next steps.
It will soon be paired with the radio frequency (RF) output module, the mouth that speaks the brain's thoughts, forming what is known as the satellite's payload, which will also be tested next year. Afterwards, brain and mouth will be fitted into the body of the satellite, or platform.
In parallel, Airbus Defence and Space and its industrial partners are building and testing many other components.
For instance, two navigation antennas, the 'speakers' that shout the generated signals to receivers on Earth, were recently evaluated in the company's facilities in Madrid, Spain, and will soon be declared fit for flight.
All these activities taking place across Europe, from developing equipment to qualifying components, will come together next year during the full integration of the first flying satellite model, bringing Galileo's next generation one step closer to space.
https://www.esa.int/Applications/Satellite_navigation/Galileo/New_brain_for_Galileo
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https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Videos/2026/10/Celebrating_BepiColombo_three_words_at_a_time
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US Space Force eyes fivefold expansion in Middle East, fueling space arms race concerns: Chinese expert
Oct 20, 2026 08:18 PM
The commander of the US Space Force component supporting US Central Command said that he expects his force to grow to five times its current size in about three years, an expansion he described as necessary to meet the military's growing demand for space capabilities in operations across the Middle East, according to a report published Monday by the US military publication Air & Space Forces Magazine. The projected expansion reflects Washington's growing emphasis on offensive and defensive space capabilities, a Chinese military expert told the Global Times, warning that the continued buildup of US military power in space could fuel a new arms race and turn outer space into another arena of military confrontation.
According to the report, the US Space Forces Central (SPACECENT) was activated in December 2022 with a small staff of about 30 personnel split between Shaw Air Force Base, South Carolina, and Al Udeid Air Base, Qatar.
Speaking during an event at the Mitchell Institute for Aerospace Studies, Todd Benson, SPACECENT commander, said his team had played an outsized role in operations against Iran but needed to grow.
Benson said operations over the past year had demonstrated the need for additional personnel and space systems, including ground-based jammers and systems operating in orbit.
He added that deploying Space Force personnel closer to operational areas, while maintaining support from their home stations, had reinforced the importance of space capabilities in joint military operations.
"Space will forever be a part of every military operation going forward," Benson said. "There is no going backwards on that."
Song Zhongping, a Chinese military affairs expert, told the Global Times on Tuesday that the planned expansion reflects an evolution in the US Space Force's operational doctrine, as Washington increasingly emphasizes both offensive and defensive capabilities in space.
"The US Space Force is not only tasked with protecting its own space assets but also seeks to develop capabilities to disrupt or neutralize those of potential adversaries," Song said, noting that space capabilities are becoming increasingly integrated into military operations across different domains.
According to the report, the Space Force today has components within every geographic combatant command and just this month added its newest component, US Space Forces Special Operations, or SPACEFOR-SOC.
Each component is charged with presenting space expertise to commanders in the field, and that includes deploying to the front line to generate space effects like electronic warfare, satellite communications, navigation and timing, and missile warning.
Song explained that ground-based jamming systems could interfere with other countries' satellite communications and related military capabilities, while orbital systems could serve defensive, offensive and operational support functions.
The expert warned that the increasing emphasis on offensive space capabilities could accelerate an arms race, as other countries may feel compelled to develop corresponding capabilities to safeguard their own security.
China has repeatedly voiced opposition to the weaponization of outer space and warned against efforts to turn it into a battlefield.
On September 15, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Guo Jiakun responded to reports that the US Space Force had announced the deployment of weapons in space, urging Washington to halt its military buildup.
"China stands for peaceful use of outer space and keeping it safe, and opposes any arms race in outer space or any attempt to weaponize it and turn it into a warzone," Guo said.
"We urge the US to stop expanding military build-up in outer space, and uphold global strategic stability with concrete actions," the spokesperson added.
More recently, Sun Xiaobo, director-general of the Department of Arms Control of China's Foreign Ministry, warned at the UN General Assembly's First Committee on October 9 that US announcements concerning weapons deployment in outer space had triggered widespread international concerns.
Sun called for advancing negotiations on a legally binding international instrument to prevent an arms race in outer space, stressing the urgency of preventing outer space from becoming a new battlefield.
https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202610/1372637.shtml
https://spacenews.com/space-force-eyes-fivefold-expansion-of-middle-east-command/
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https://www.vandenberg.spaceforce.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/4629550/eod-345-memorial-workout/
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Ukraine’s strikes on Russian civilian sites are ‘off the charts’ – Moscow
20 Oct, 2026 13:35 | Updated 20 Oct, 2026 14:40
Twenty-two people were killed and 211 wounded in Ukrainian attacks over the past week alone, a senior Russian diplomat has said
Ukrainian attacks on Russian civilian facilities are “off-the-charts,” with around 8,200 strikes recorded over the past week alone as Kiev continues to reject US demands to stop attacks on oil refineries, Rodion Miroshnik, the head of the Russian Foreign Ministry’s mission tracking alleged Ukrainian war crimes, said.
Speaking to TASS on Tuesday, Miroshnik reported that the attacks averaged nearly 1,200 daily, with 22 killed and 211 wounded, among them 13 children over the past week. He added that drone strikes accounted for 96% of the casualties.
According to the diplomat, the worst-hit areas include the Russian regions of Belgorod, Bryansk, Kursk, Zaporozhye, and Kherson, as well as the Donetsk and Lugansk People’s Republics – all of which are close to the front line and have been intensely bombarded by Ukraine throughout the conflict.
Miroshnik also accused Kiev of deliberately targeting more than 280 passenger buses since the beginning of the year. Ukrainian drones have often hunted civilian vehicles, including ambulances, in the frontline regions in recent months.
Ukraine has also shown no signs of moving toward an energy ceasefire, which was proposed by US President Donald Trump, Miroshnik said, pointing to drone attacks on two oil refineries in the regions of Saratov and Ryazan.
Another drone raid on Sunday on St. Petersburg sparked a fire at an oil terminal. The attack killed one and injured five others, the local authorities said.
Trump announced a Russia-Ukraine energy ceasefire on October 11, though neither side confirmed that a deal was reached.
Trump has repeatedly demanded that Ukrainian leader Vladimir Zelensky stop attacks on Russian oil facilities to alleviate the pressure on global markets and American consumers, but he has refused to comply.
As tensions mounted, Trump said Ukraine should replace Zelensky with a leader capable of reaching a peace deal. On Sunday, the president lashed out at Zelensky, saying he “doesn’t want to end this war, and probably never did.”
Zelensky blasted Trump over his diesel deal with Moscow, saying he felt betrayed.
Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov described the Ukrainian attacks as “some final manifestations of agony,” adding that although “the Kiev regime is fighting back, it cannot alter the course of events.”
https://rt-english.com/russia/647437-ukraines-strikes-civilians-off-charts/
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