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The challenge for Facebook is that many of the brain-to-computer projects rely on micro-electrodes implanted into the brain. Facebook is only working on "noninvasive" technology, with signals transferred through wearable sensors.
For sure, universities and researchers have been developing brain-computer interfaces for decades, typically aimed at helping stroke victims, people with ALS and paraplegics with spinal cord injuries regain basic communication or motor skills.
Three years ago, for example, a paraplegic man used a mind-controlled exoskeleton to kick off the World Cup in Brazil. A university collaboration called BrainGate has developed a system that lets people control a computer cursor by thinking about the movement of their own paralyzed hand and arm. And the BioSense lab at the University of California at Berkeley's School of Information is working on identifying people through their brainwaves, in what could become the ultimate personal ID protector.
Still, even researchers worry about the potential ethical complications of this sort of work. Some fear that a government could use it to monitor thoughts or to amp up an interrogation. There's also the fear that data could fall into the wrong hands.
"One of the challenges is we still don't know what the [brain] data means," says Nick Merrill, a UC Berkeley doctoral candidate working with the BioSense lab. "You have to consider the very consequential privacy problems that could happen if the data were leaked and mishandled."
Chevillet, a former program manager of applied neuroscience at Johns Hopkins University, counters that Building 8's tech isn't trying to read every random thought in your head. It's just tapping into the part of the brain for already formed speech. "These are things you want to say," he says. It's not concerned with other thoughts. "That's your stuff."
Dugan compares it to – what else for a Facebook executive – sharing photos. "You take many photos but choose to only share some of them," she says.
Now what?
Why speak directly from your brain? Facebook says your brain can process a terabyte of data every second, which is about the same as streaming 40 high-definition movies. The speed of thought is much faster than speaking, which functions more like a "1980s dial-up modem," Dugan says.
In other words, the speed matters.
"You have to consider the very consequential privacy problems that could happen if the data were leaked and mishandled."
Nick Merrill, UC Berkeley
The technology could be game-changing for something like augmented reality glasses, suggests Dugan. Simple "yes" and "no" buttons in front of your eyes could be helpful in a number of situations. For instance, answering "yes" to the question "Do you want to see in the dark?" might activate a night-vision mode. All you'd have to do is think of moving a cursor to the "yes" button, and visualize clicking it.
Facebook has already made a big bet on augmented reality. On Tuesday, the social network unveiled a platform that lets software developers create digital graphics that are overlaid on real-world images.
For the brain-to-computer project, Facebook is partnering with a team of more than 60 engineers and scientists from universities including University of California at San Francisco and Johns Hopkins to develop the technology.
Even though some universities are using the technology to develop mind-controlled limbs, Building 8 isn't taking that route. Chevillet tells me Facebook isn't working on prosthetics because the company's mission has more to do with communication.
"We're just focused on getting people to communicate better," adds Dugan.
And while Zuckerberg's vision of transmitting "full, rich thoughts" is further out in the future, the people in Building 8 say it's possible with this kind of research.
I hear you
Dugan's Building 8 team is also working on a project that could let you "hear" and decipher words through vibrations on your skin.
The concept is similar to braille, in which tiny bumps represent letters and other elements of language. But instead of running your hand over those bumps, you'd feel frequencies in different patterns on your forearm from a sleeve worn on your wrist. Each pattern represents a different word. The hope is that, in practice, the deaf could communicate quickly.