BAKER
Up until 2017, Canada lacked any meaningful oversight if its FVEY agencies. It’s possible the FISA scandal encompasses Canadian participation, not just AUS/UK
“Moreover, CSE also receives data from allied SIGINT agencies and this data might be provided to domestic authorities acting in their legal mandates; what the NSA collects about Canadians, in other words, could be provided to the RCMP, CSIS, or other agencies CSE supports. It could even mean that RCMP, CSIS, and other security agencies, through CSE’s assistance, directly access databases operated by the NSA, GCHQ, and other allied SIGINT agencies. Even the CSE Commissioner (not normally inclined to worries) has raised concerns about such arrangements, warning that beyond "certain general statements and assurances" between CSEC and the FVEYs, the commissioner's office was "unable to assess the extent" to which the four partners "follow the agreements with CSEC and protect private communications and information about Canadians in what CSEC shares with the partners." The review agency for CSIS, SIRC, recently raised the same sort of concerns. Clearly, information sharing among the FVEYs is extensive but the full extent of that sharing is shrouded in secrecy, even from the review bodies themselves, and thus largely takes place without public accountability.”
https://www.opencanada.org/features/c-51-who-knows-what-evils-lurk-in-the-shadows/