Privacy, Authentication, Integrity, Non-Repudiation

Voting machines require a Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) using digital certificates (encryption keys) to protect the Privacy, Authentication, Integrity and provide Non-Repudiation of the data being transmitted i.e. voting data. The keys (public/private key pair) are created as system initial installation and the private key are critical to protect. Look to where these private keys of the voting machines are stored…UK, Belgium…elsewhere outside of US…no longer protected. A PKI infrastructure not secured is going to be easily compromised from Day 1. P-A-I-N has been compromised