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Contrary to the hegemonic trend of French historiography, the Battle of Vertières was not a myth nor is it fiction. Only two kilometers from Cap Haïtien, on November 18, 1803, the Indigenous Army of Saint Domingue (Haiti) led by Jean-Jacques Dessalines, confronted and defeated the French Expeditionary Army of Napoléon Bonaparte. Bonaparte was the reigning master and lord of Europe, and this defining moment in Saint Domingue’s revolution proved his army unable to withstand the efforts of a people determined to seize their freedom. via Dr. Jean Eddy Saint Paul, founding director of the Haitian Studies Insitute