HIV Vaccine Elicits Antibodies in Animals that Neutralize Dozens of HIV Strains

NIH Study Results Represent Major Advance for Structure-Based HIV Vaccine Design

June 4, 2018

An experimental vaccine regimen based on the structure of a vulnerable site on HIV elicited antibodies in mice, guinea pigs and monkeys that neutralize dozens of HIV strains from around the world. The findings were reported today in the journal Nature Medicine by researchers at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health, and their colleagues.

Peter D. Kwong, Ph.D., and John R. Mascola, M.D., led the study. Dr. Kwong is chief of the Structural Biology Section at the NIAID Vaccine Research Center, and Dr. Mascola is the center director.

“NIH scientists have used their detailed knowledge of the structure of HIV to find an unusual site of vulnerability on the virus and design a novel and potentially powerful vaccine,” said NIAID Director Anthony S. Fauci, M.D. “This elegant study is a potentially important step forward in the ongoing quest to develop a safe and effective HIV vaccine.”

A preliminary human trial of the new vaccine regimen is anticipated to begin in the second half of 2019.

Today’s report reflects one of two broad, complementary approaches NIAID is pursuing to develop an HIV vaccine. In one approach, scientists first identify powerful HIV antibodies that can neutralize many strains of the virus, and then try to elicit those antibodies with a vaccine based on the structure of the HIV surface protein where the antibodies bind. In other words, scientists start with the most promising part of the immune response and work to develop a vaccine that will induce it. This method was used to design the vaccine described today.

The other, empiric approach to HIV vaccine development begins by evaluating the most encouraging vaccine candidates for efficacy in people through clinical trials. Then scientists try to build on successful trial results by, for example, examining blood and other clinical specimens from study participants who received the vaccine to identify the most promising parts of the immune response. Researchers subsequently use this information to improve vaccination approaches for future trials. This method was used to develop the HIV vaccine regimen tested in the RV144 clinical trial (link is external) and the HIV vaccine regimens currently under study in the HVTN 702 and Imbokodo clinical trials.

Over the past several years, HIV researchers have discovered many powerful, naturally occurring antibodies that can prevent multiple HIV strains from infecting human cells in the laboratory. About half of people living with HIV make these so-called “broadly neutralizing” antibodies (link is external), but usually only after several years of infection—long after the virus has established a foothold in the body. Scientists have identified and characterized the sites, or epitopes, on HIV where each known broadly neutralizing antibody binds. Many laboratories around the world are developing HIV vaccine candidates based on the structure of these epitopes with the goal of coaxing the immune systems of HIV-negative people to make protective antibodies after vaccination.

The experimental vaccine described in today’s report is based on an epitope called the HIV fusion peptide, identified by NIAID scientists in 2016. The fusion peptide, a short string of amino acids, is part of the spike on the surface of HIV that the virus uses to enter human cells. According to the scientists, the fusion peptide epitope is particularly promising for use as a vaccine because its structure is the same across most strains of HIV, and because the immune system clearly “sees” it and makes a strong immune response to it. The fusion peptide lacks sugars that obscure the immune system’s view of other HIV epitopes.

To make the vaccine, the researchers engineered many different immunogens—proteins designed to activate an immune response. These were designed using the known structure of the fusion peptide. The scientists first assessed the immunogens using a collection of antibodies that target the fusion peptide epitope, and then tested in mice which immunogens most effectively elicited HIV-neutralizing antibodies to the fusion peptide. The best immunogen consisted of eight amino acids of the fusion peptide bonded to a carrier that evoked a strong immune response. To improve their results, the scientists paired this immunogen with a replica of the HIV spike…

Content last reviewed on June 4, 2018

https://www.niaid.nih.gov/news-events/hiv-vaccine-elicits-antibodies-animals-neutralize-dozens-hiv-strains

Two new clinical trials testing an experimental vaccine to prevent influenza caused by an H7N9 influenza virus are now enrolling volunteers at sites across the United States. The Phase 2 studies, sponsored by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), will test different dosages of the inactivated influenza vaccine candidate (called 2017 H7N9 IIV) as well as different vaccination schedules. The studies also will evaluate whether an adjuvant boosts the immune responses of people receiving the vaccine.

H7N9 is an avian (bird) influenza virus first reported in humans in 2013 in China. Since then, six waves of H7N9 infection have occurred in China, resulting in more than 1,500 cumulative human infections, according to the World Health Organization. No human cases of H7N9 influenza have been detected to date in the United States. Currently, the virus does not spread easily from person to person; rather, people typically become infected through direct exposure to infected poultry or contaminated environments. However, if the virus mutates and becomes easily transmissible between humans, it could result in an influenza pandemic because most people have little to no immunity to it. H7N9 has a high mortality rate, resulting in death in 39 percent of those who became infected.

“As we experience one of the worst seasonal influenza epidemics in recent years here in the United States, we also must maintain a scientific focus on novel influenza viruses, such as H7N9, that have the potential to cause a pandemic,” said NIAID Director Anthony S. Fauci, M.D. “These new clinical trials will build upon initial studies of earlier versions of an H7N9 vaccine candidate to provide a more detailed picture of its safety and ability to generate a protective immune response to current H7N9 strains.”

The two clinical trials will test the experimental 2017 H7N9 inactivated influenza vaccine developed by Sanofi Pasteur, based in Lyon, France, supported by the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), a component of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response. NIAID funded previous research (link is external) on the earlier version of the vaccine. The new version of the vaccine candidate uses an inactivated form of H7N9 influenza virus collected in 2017, to increase the likelihood that the vaccine will provide immunity against a newly-evolved strain of H7N9, which is currently circulating in the wild. During these clinical trials, some participants will receive an adjuvant, called AS03, along with the test vaccine, to confirm that the adjuvant can boost the immune response to the vaccine, as previously shown for other influenza viruses of pandemic potential. The adjuvant is produced by GSK’s vaccines business, headquartered in Wavre, Belgium, with support from BARDA. Both clinical trials will be conducted by the NIAID-funded network of Vaccine and Treatment Evaluation Units (VTEUs).

One clinical trial, led by principal investigator Lisa A. Jackson, M.D., of the Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute in Seattle, will test the vaccine candidate at different dosages, both with and without the AS03 adjuvant. The study will enroll as many as 420 male and non-pregnant female volunteers ages 19 to 64 years and up to 300 volunteers older than 65 years of age. Each participant will be randomly assigned to one of five groups. Three of the groups (at least 480 volunteers in total) will receive the adjuvanted vaccine candidate, at different dosages (3.75 micrograms (mcg), 7.5 mcg or 15 mcg). The two remaining groups (at least 160 volunteers in all) will receive unadjuvanted vaccine (15 mcg or 45 mcg). All five groups will be vaccinated twice: once at the first visit, and then again 21 days later. Volunteers will be monitored for seven days following each vaccination and assessed for side effects, and blood samples will be tested for H7N9 antibodies. Clinical staff will follow the volunteers for one year. The trial is being conducted at VTEU sites in Georgia, Iowa, Maryland, North Carolina and Washington.

The second clinical trial will be led by Kathleen M. Neuzil, M.D. of the University of Maryland School of Medicine. This trial will test the H7N9 vaccine candidate with AS03 adjuvant in conjunction with a quadrivalent seasonal influenza vaccine. By administering the vaccine candidate to some volunteers who have received the seasonal influenza vaccine and some who have not, investigators will be able to learn whether the H7N9 vaccine candidate affects the immune response to the seasonal influenza vaccine, and vice versa…

https://www.niaid.nih.gov/news-events/h7n9-influenza-vaccine-clinical-trials-begin

NIH Scientists Say Advanced Vaccines Could Limit Future Outbreaks

https://www.niaid.nih.gov/news-events/nih-scientists-say-advanced-vaccines-could-limit-future-outbreaks

Scientists supported by the National Institutes of Health have achieved a significant step forward, eliciting broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) to HIV by immunizing calves. The findings offer insights for HIV vaccine design, and support further study of modified bovine antibodies as HIV therapeutics or prevention tools in humans, scientists reported in a paper published online today in Nature.

Researchers have observed that about 10 to 20 percent of people living with HIV naturally develop bNAbs to the virus, but usually only after about two years of infection. These bNAbs have been shown in the laboratory to stop most HIV strains from infecting human cells, and to protect animal models from infection. However, scientists have so far been unsuccessful in prompting the human immune system to produce bNAbs through immunization. Further, while bNAbs isolated from people with HIV infection have demonstrated promise in primate studies and have entered human studies for HIV prevention and treatment, questions remain about whether effective antibodies could be produced rapidly and at a scale suitable for widespread distribution.

Cattle may offer some help solving these problems, report researchers supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of NIH, at the Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI) and Texas A&M University. While cattle do not naturally acquire the human virus HIV, their immune systems have unique features that the researchers thought would allow them to produce potent antibodies when injected with HIV immunogens, or proteins designed to mimic proteins on the surface of HIV.

https://www.niaid.nih.gov/news-events/nih-supported-scientists-elicit-broadly-neutralizing-antibodies-hiv-calves

This is the info they provide docs.. could be lies i get it but i will present it regardless

HPV VACCINE SIDE EFFECTS AND PRECAUTIONS

The HPV vaccine may cause mild redness, tenderness, or swelling near the injection site. There is no thimerosal (a mercury derivative used as a preservative) in the HPV vaccine. There may be an increased risk of passing out after an injection of HPV vaccine, so it is a good idea not to stand up too soon after getting the vaccine.

The vaccine is not currently recommended during pregnancy, although there are no known risks to a fetus if the vaccine is given.

Despite concerns about safety based on anecdotal reports, large studies have not confirmed major health risks of these vaccines. Most experts believe that the benefits of the vaccine outweigh its risks [3,4].

DOES THE VACCINE REALLY WORK?

Results from vaccine studies show that the HPV vaccine in women is very effective in preventing HPV infections and cervical pre-cancers caused by HPV types targeted by the vaccine [5-9]. HPV vaccination of women has been shown to reduce the risk of genital warts in their male sexual partners [10]. Studies also show that the HPV vaccine in men reduces the risk of developing genital warts and persistent penile HPV infection, which may decrease the spread of HPV to sexual partners. HPV vaccination also reduces the risk of anal cancer in both men and women.

HPV vaccination prevents oral HPV infection, which is associated with oropharyngeal cancer. Whether the vaccine reduces the risk of oropharyngeal cancer has not yet been evaluated…

https://www.uptodate.com/contents/human-papillomavirus-hpv-vaccine-beyond-the-basics#H7

FLU VACCINE

Influenza (flu) is a contagious respiratory illness that can cause mild to severe illnesses resulting in hospitalization or even death. Some people are more likely to develop severe illness from flu, especially people 65 years and older, children younger than 5 years, people with certain long-term health conditions, and pregnant women. Many people do not receive an annual flu vaccination, even though an annual flu vaccination is recommended by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) for all persons aged ≥6 months who do not have contraindications to vaccination and is the primary way to prevent sickness and death caused by flu.(1) Health care providers can use the information in this report to identify people who may be at risk of not getting vaccinated and ensure measures are in place to recommend and offer flu vaccination as early as possible to protect the greatest number of people.

—————–

Additional vaccination coverage estimates for the 2016–17 and earlier flu seasons for each state, Health and Human Services (HHS) region, and overall for the United States are provided on FluVaxView as interactive maps, figures, and tables. Coverage estimates for health care personnel and pregnant women are reported in the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR).

https://www.uptodate.com/contents/seasonal-influenza-in-children-prevention-with-vaccines?search=flu%20vaccine&source=search_result&selectedTitle=2~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=2#H35

>>4053116

>>4053116

Look at this…. That's from the environment, no?

>>4053116

moar morgellons

>>4053247

because the ANONS ARE HERE

I BRING MY INFO TO THE ANONS

are these microfibers from electronics>?

>>4053336

supposedly looking into HRC emails, interesting

Thimerosal-Containing Vaccines and Autism: A Review of Recent Epidemiologic Studies….

DISCUSSION

Currently, the only vaccines that contain thimerosal as a preservative and are recommended for children in the United States are certain inactivated influenza vaccines. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), a committee of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), now recommends that all children and adolescents aged 6 months to 18 years receive an annual influenza vaccination.26 Children aged 6 months through 4 years continue to be a focus of vaccination efforts, because of the heightened risk of complications from influenza among this group.26 Live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) is newly approved for healthy persons aged 2 through 49 years; LAIV does not contain thimerosal. For children 6 months to 2 years of age and for persons 2 through 49 years of age with contraindications to LAIV, trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) is the currently available alternative. Available influenza vaccine formulations and corresponding thimerosal content are listed in Table 2. Prefilled formulations of TIV that are considered to be thimerosal free are available, although certain formulations still contain trace amounts of thimerosal (Table 2). However, only 1 of these TIVs is indicated for persons 6 months of age and older. A truly thimerosal-free influenza vaccine formulated in PFSs is produced for use in infants and children.2 Although certain formulations of influenza vaccine are the only remaining source of thimerosal exceeding trace amounts, the exposure of children to thimerosal in vaccines has been largely eliminated. Furthermore, because an association between thimerosal and autism has not been established, this theory should no longer be a concern.

Unfortunately, the precautions taken by the AAP and CDC calling for thimerosal removal from vaccines appears to have led to unintended risks. In particular, inappropriate recommendations by autism advocacy groups27 regarding treatment of autism (e.g., use of chelation) and avoidance of vaccines (e.g., influenza vaccine) may mislead parents to place children at unnecessary risks. Treatment of autism with chelation therapy that has not been identified as efficacious or safe presents unnecessary risks for children with autism. In addition, avoidance of vaccination leads to an unnecessarily increased risk of infections, hospitalization, and death. Reformulation of MDVs to PFSs is a potential solution to ease concerns of mercury toxicity. However, the potential drawbacks of reformulation of MDVs to thimerosal-free PFSs include increased costs associated with vaccine production, increased shipping costs, and increased storage burden. On the basis of the IOM report,13 we conclude that there is currently no evidence to support such changes in vaccine formulation for this purpose.

Although immunization provides important benefits to public health, associated risks are inevitable. However, studies have consistently failed to identify a cause-effect relationship between thimerosal and autism. In addition, the prevalence of autism has increased despite a decrease in the thimerosal content of vaccines; this finding further suggests that there is not an association between thimerosal and autism but that the increased prevalence of autism may be attributable to improved diagnostic criteria and increased awareness of autism.22 Despite failure to demonstrate an association, certain states continue to mandate that vaccines given to children contain no more than trace amounts of thimerosal.26

Epidemiologic studies continue to provide evidence that there is no association between thimerosal exposure and autism. Whereas an infant younger than 6 months in 1999 could have been exposed to approximately 200 mcg of mercury derived from vaccines, the current amount is less than 3 mcg, if certain influenza vaccines are not included.13 Children should receive recommended immunizations to prevent serious disease.12 The known risks of serious complications from preventable infections—e.g., influenza—outweigh the risks of adverse consequences from vaccines, including TCVs.4,12,28

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3018252/