Richard Henry Pratt was the first person the Oxford English Dictionary records using the word "racism," in a speech decrying it in 1902
But his own legacy on race is checkered.
Pratt replaced the popular idea that some groups were natively inferior to others with the idea that some cultures that were the problem, and needed to be corrected or destroyed. In other words, he swapped biological determinism for cultural imperialism.
In the century since Pratt used the word racism, the term has become an abstraction.