>>4391329 (lb) US Treasury publishes four reports related to criminal financial activity

HIGHLIGHTS FROM PROLIFERATION FINANCING RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT

In order to provide a depiction of PF risk in the United States, this assessment primarily draws

from the work of USG counter-proliferation efforts, including information provided by U.S. law

enforcement and intelligence agencies, but focuses on the financing aspects in these efforts to

detect, disrupt, prevent, and deter proliferation activity.

In order to provide context to these

efforts, the NPFRA examines the financing methods used by known proliferation and

procurement networks in a number of key cases principally derived from federal prosecutions,

asset forfeiture actions, or publicly available targeting actions, including sanctions. Finally, after

a discussion of threats, vulnerabilities, and current USG efforts, the NPFRA assesses residual PF

risk currently facing the United States.

'''… the focus of this assessment is the financing of WMD proliferation, and

therefore the analysis of the threats and vulnerabilities will focus on the financial aspects unique

to this challenge. '''

THIS ASSESSMENT FOCUSES ON US

this

assessment will focus on the PF risk borne by the United States and will not endeavor to analyze

threat actors and vulnerabilities that do not have a U.S. nexus. In other words, this will not be an

assessment of the PF risks facing other countries or feature a discussion about risks which are

broadly applicable at a global level. Any discussion of foreign threat actors or external

exploitation of vulnerabilities of the U.S. system will focus on how these elements contribute to

the PF risk faced specifically by the United States.

'''…this risk assessment will focus

exclusively on the specific type of illicit finance that enables proliferation activity to occur. '''

PROLIFERATION FINANCING DEFINED

• Proliferation financing refers to the act of providing funds or financial services

which are used, in whole or in part, for the manufacture, acquisition, possession,

development, export, trans-shipment, brokering, transport, transfer, stockpiling or use

of nuclear, chemical or biological weapons and their means of delivery and related materials (including both technologies and dual use goods used for non-legitimate

purposes), in contravention of national laws or, where applicable, international

obligations.

https://home.treasury.gov/system/files/136/2018npfra_12_18.pdf