Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 5:01 a.m. No.4563614   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>3632 >>3635 >>3642 >>3894 >>4167 >>4227

HOLY FUCK ANONS WHAT THE FUCK HAPPENED HERE??????????????????????????????????????????????????????

 

Looks like it happend 28 Dec 2018

WTH is this? hey said an earthquake happened in Philippines, but this Fire in the sky was in Barru, South Sulawesi Indonesia?

 

https://twitter.com/search?f=tweets&q=SKY%20Barru%20Indonesia&src=typd

 

>>4563509

>>>4563451

>>>4563466

>>>4563471

>>>4563477

>>>4563484

 

>Need to see different pics, vids, angles.

>Could be cgi, definitely is NOT christmas light reflections.

>Twatter wont let you post it…so hmmm?

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 5:05 a.m. No.4563634   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>3653 >>3770

Anons this is odd as ever…looks like tabpols in the sky…

 

UFOs Captured On Local News In Milwaukee?

 

If you've ever seen a morning newscast, you know how when they cut to commercial or come back from a break they show a live shot of the city. Well the Fox affiliate in Milwaukee did just that, but they captured something more than just the skyline - strange lights.

 

The confused anchors wondered out loud what they were looking at and there still is no official answer. Some people think it was fireworks, others meteors and still others believe it was something not from this planet.

 

The leading explanation for skeptics though is that it was a flock of seagulls and a lag in the video feed caused trails of light.

 

https://thebreakfastclub.iheart.com/content/2018-03-01-ufos-captured-on-local-news-in-milwaukee

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 5:08 a.m. No.4563652   🗄️.is 🔗kun

If all corporate msm mocking bird media is owned by foreigners..

 

Then technically the attack dog reporters are foreign agents..

 

Have they all registered as foreign agents?

Or is it time to just arrest them all and end this fake news that is destroying the usa

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 5:10 a.m. No.4563664   🗄️.is 🔗kun

LOL!! The Deep State is upset that they will not get to make obscene amounts of money off of the unending bloodshed and chaos caused by the perpetual war in Syria.. War is a racket!

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 5:13 a.m. No.4563680   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>3858

WOW Just fucking Wow Anons (((These people))) are scarred; soon never to walk the streets again…

 

"Pay The F*ck Up": Hackers Threaten To Dump Secret 9/11 Attack Files If Bitcoin Ransom Not Met

"…we're going to bury you with this."

 

A hacking collective known as The Dark Overlord announced on New Year's Eve that it had broken into the computer systems of a law firm and obtained files related to the September 11 attacks - threatening to publicly release a large cache of internal files unless a hefty ransom is paid, according to Motherboard.

 

https://www.zerohedge.com/news/2019-01-01/pay-fck-hackers-threaten-dump-secret-911-attack-files-if-bitcoin-ransom-not-met

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 5:29 a.m. No.4563756   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>3774

Found a MOTHER LOAD…Digg on this anons..

 

The Network of Global Corporate Control

 

The structure of the control network of transnational corporations affects global market competition and financial stability. So far, only small national samples were studied and there was no appropriate methodology to assess control globally. We present the first investigation of the architecture of the international ownership network, along with the computation of the control held by each global player. We find that transnational corporations form a giant bow-tie structure and that a large portion of control flows to a small tightly-knit core of financial institutions. This core can be seen as an economic “super-entity” that raises new important issues both for researchers and policy makers.

 

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0025995

 

Supporting Information

Appendix_S1.pdf

 

PDF file source

https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/365932

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 5:48 a.m. No.4563877   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>3881 >>3891 >>3905 >>3915 >>3916 >>3930 >>3933 >>3943 >>3944 >>3950 >>3956 >>3961 >>3966 >>3973 >>3979 >>3983 >>3988 >>3994 >>4001 >>4002 >>4009 >>4012 >>4015 >>4021 >>4025 >>4026 >>4037 >>4044 >>4053 >>4058 >>4059 >>4064 >>4075 >>4077 >>4080 >>4090 >>4099 >>4102 >>4108 >>4111 >>4114 >>4120 >>4127 >>4136 >>4140 >>4145 >>4151 >>4157 >>4165 >>4172 >>4178 >>4189 >>4194 >>4201 >>4207 >>4216 >>4219 >>4224 >>4231 >>4239 >>4244 >>4249 >>4254 >>4258 >>4266 >>4272 >>4276 >>4280 >>4288 >>4294 >>4298 >>4301 >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

It is NOT the United States’ Dollar. It is the Federal Reserve’s Dollar. The Private Bank known as the FED is responsible for repayment of the Dollar Debt Notes.

 

The US only borrowed notes from the Fed. The US took loans from A Private Bank.

 

What did they pledge as collateral?

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 5:48 a.m. No.4563881   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>3891 >>3905 >>3916 >>3930 >>3933 >>3944 >>3950 >>3956 >>3961 >>3966 >>3973 >>3979 >>3983 >>3988 >>3994 >>4001 >>4009 >>4012 >>4015 >>4021 >>4025 >>4026 >>4037 >>4044 >>4053 >>4059 >>4064 >>4075 >>4077 >>4080 >>4090 >>4099 >>4102 >>4108 >>4111 >>4114 >>4120 >>4127 >>4136 >>4140 >>4145 >>4151 >>4157 >>4165 >>4172 >>4178 >>4189 >>4194 >>4201 >>4207 >>4216 >>4219 >>4224 >>4231 >>4239 >>4244 >>4249 >>4254 >>4258 >>4266 >>4272 >>4276 >>4280 >>4288 >>4294 >>4298 >>4301 >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

>>4563877

 

A US Dollar is a Coin NOT a Promissory Bill or Debt Note!

 

The Coinage Act of 1792 created the United States dollar as the country's standard unit of money.

 

This act established the silver dollar as the unit of money in the United States, declared it to be lawful tender.

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 5:50 a.m. No.4563891   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>3905 >>3916 >>3930 >>3933 >>3944 >>3950 >>3956 >>3961 >>3966 >>3973 >>3979 >>3983 >>3988 >>3994 >>4001 >>4009 >>4012 >>4015 >>4021 >>4025 >>4026 >>4037 >>4044 >>4053 >>4059 >>4064 >>4075 >>4077 >>4080 >>4090 >>4099 >>4102 >>4108 >>4111 >>4114 >>4120 >>4127 >>4136 >>4140 >>4145 >>4151 >>4157 >>4165 >>4172 >>4178 >>4189 >>4194 >>4201 >>4207 >>4216 >>4219 >>4224 >>4231 >>4239 >>4244 >>4249 >>4254 >>4258 >>4266 >>4272 >>4276 >>4280 >>4288 >>4294 >>4298 >>4301 >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

>>4563881

>>4563877

 

The Coinage Act of 1792 established:

 

$10 Eagle as 247.5 grains of Gold.

 

$5 Half-Eagle as 123.75 grains of Gold

 

$2.50 Qtr Eagle as 61.875 grains of Gold

 

The US Dollar as 371.25 grains of Silver

 

Half Dollar as 185.625 grains of Silver

 

And so on…

 

https://constitution.org/uslaw/coinage1792.txt …

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 5:52 a.m. No.4563905   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>3909 >>3916 >>3930 >>3933 >>3944 >>3950 >>3956 >>3961 >>3966 >>3973 >>3979 >>3983 >>3988 >>3994 >>4001 >>4009 >>4012 >>4015 >>4021 >>4025 >>4026 >>4037 >>4044 >>4053 >>4059 >>4064 >>4075 >>4077 >>4080 >>4090 >>4099 >>4102 >>4108 >>4111 >>4114 >>4120 >>4127 >>4136 >>4140 >>4145 >>4151 >>4157 >>4165 >>4172 >>4178 >>4189 >>4194 >>4201 >>4207 >>4216 >>4219 >>4224 >>4231 >>4239 >>4244 >>4249 >>4254 >>4258 >>4266 >>4272 >>4276 >>4280 >>4288 >>4294 >>4298 >>4301 >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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The Legal Tender Act of 1862 authorized the creation of paper money not redeemable in gold or silver.

 

These were called “greenbacks”.

 

n Hepburn v. Griswold (1870), the Court ruled by a four-to-three majority that Congress lacked the power to make the notes legal tender.

 

In Knox v. Lee and Parker v. Davis (1871), the Court reversed its Hepburn v. Griswold decision by a five-to-four majority, asserting that the Legal Tender Act of 1862 represented a justifiable use of federal power at a time of national emergency.

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 5:53 a.m. No.4563916   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>3930 >>3933 >>3944 >>3950 >>3956 >>3961 >>3966 >>3973 >>3979 >>3983 >>3988 >>3994 >>4001 >>4009 >>4012 >>4015 >>4021 >>4025 >>4026 >>4037 >>4044 >>4053 >>4059 >>4064 >>4075 >>4077 >>4080 >>4090 >>4099 >>4102 >>4108 >>4111 >>4114 >>4120 >>4127 >>4136 >>4140 >>4145 >>4151 >>4157 >>4165 >>4172 >>4178 >>4189 >>4194 >>4201 >>4207 >>4216 >>4219 >>4224 >>4231 >>4239 >>4244 >>4249 >>4254 >>4258 >>4266 >>4272 >>4276 >>4280 >>4288 >>4294 >>4298 >>4301 >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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The Coinage Act of 1834 raised the silver-to-gold weight ratio from its 1792 level of 15:1 to 16:1.

 

The silver content of the silver dollar was left unchanged at 371.25 grains and the fine content of gold coins was reduced from 24.75 grains to 23.2 grains.

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 5:55 a.m. No.4563930   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>3933 >>3940 >>3944 >>3950 >>3956 >>3961 >>3966 >>3973 >>3979 >>3983 >>3988 >>3994 >>4001 >>4009 >>4012 >>4015 >>4021 >>4025 >>4026 >>4035 >>4037 >>4044 >>4053 >>4059 >>4064 >>4075 >>4077 >>4080 >>4090 >>4099 >>4102 >>4108 >>4111 >>4114 >>4120 >>4127 >>4136 >>4140 >>4145 >>4151 >>4157 >>4165 >>4172 >>4178 >>4189 >>4194 >>4201 >>4207 >>4216 >>4219 >>4224 >>4231 >>4239 >>4244 >>4249 >>4254 >>4258 >>4266 >>4272 >>4276 >>4280 >>4288 >>4294 >>4298 >>4301 >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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The Coinage Act of 1853 lowered the silver content of the half dime, dime, quarter dollar, and half dollar by 7%.

 

It authorized the U.S. Mint to purchase bullion for new coins intending to stabilize the country's silver shortage by increasing the circulation of small coinage.

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 5:56 a.m. No.4563933   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>3942 >>3944 >>3950 >>3956 >>3961 >>3966 >>3973 >>3979 >>3983 >>3988 >>3994 >>4001 >>4009 >>4012 >>4015 >>4021 >>4025 >>4026 >>4037 >>4044 >>4053 >>4059 >>4064 >>4075 >>4077 >>4080 >>4090 >>4099 >>4102 >>4108 >>4111 >>4114 >>4120 >>4127 >>4136 >>4140 >>4145 >>4151 >>4157 >>4165 >>4172 >>4178 >>4189 >>4194 >>4201 >>4207 >>4216 >>4219 >>4224 >>4231 >>4239 >>4244 >>4249 >>4254 >>4258 >>4266 >>4272 >>4276 >>4280 >>4288 >>4294 >>4298 >>4301 >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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The Coinage Act of 1873 ended the right Miners & Farmers to have their silver bullion struck into legal tender coins.

 

Silver mining was on the rise and bankers (who owned most of the gold) feared the gold standard would end and pressured politicians for 3 years to pass the act.

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 5:58 a.m. No.4563944   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>3950 >>3956 >>3961 >>3962 >>3966 >>3973 >>3979 >>3983 >>3988 >>3994 >>4001 >>4009 >>4012 >>4015 >>4021 >>4025 >>4026 >>4037 >>4044 >>4053 >>4059 >>4064 >>4075 >>4077 >>4080 >>4090 >>4099 >>4102 >>4108 >>4111 >>4114 >>4120 >>4127 >>4136 >>4140 >>4145 >>4151 >>4157 >>4165 >>4172 >>4178 >>4189 >>4194 >>4201 >>4207 >>4216 >>4219 >>4224 >>4231 >>4239 >>4244 >>4249 >>4254 >>4258 >>4266 >>4272 >>4276 >>4280 >>4288 >>4294 >>4298 >>4301 >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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FREE SILVER MOVEMENT

 

In an attempt to return silver to a monetary metal, Congress passed the The Bland–Allison Act of 1878.

 

It required the Treasury to buy a certain amount of silver and put it into circulation as silver dollars.

 

The bill was vetoed but Congress overrode it.

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 5:59 a.m. No.4563950   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>3956 >>3961 >>3966 >>3973 >>3979 >>3983 >>3988 >>3994 >>4001 >>4009 >>4012 >>4015 >>4021 >>4025 >>4026 >>4037 >>4044 >>4053 >>4059 >>4064 >>4075 >>4077 >>4080 >>4090 >>4099 >>4102 >>4108 >>4111 >>4114 >>4120 >>4127 >>4136 >>4140 >>4145 >>4151 >>4157 >>4165 >>4172 >>4178 >>4189 >>4194 >>4201 >>4207 >>4216 >>4219 >>4224 >>4231 >>4239 >>4244 >>4249 >>4254 >>4258 >>4266 >>4272 >>4276 >>4280 >>4288 >>4294 >>4298 >>4301 >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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==Free silver became increasingly associated with populism, unions, and the fight of ordinary Americans against the bankers, railroad monopolists, and the robber barons and was referred to as the "People's Money"=

 

Gold was portrayed as the money of "exploitation" and "oppression".

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6 a.m. No.4563956   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>3961 >>3966 >>3973 >>3979 >>3983 >>3988 >>3994 >>4001 >>4009 >>4012 >>4015 >>4021 >>4025 >>4026 >>4037 >>4044 >>4053 >>4059 >>4064 >>4075 >>4077 >>4080 >>4090 >>4099 >>4102 >>4108 >>4111 >>4114 >>4120 >>4127 >>4136 >>4140 >>4145 >>4151 >>4157 >>4165 >>4172 >>4178 >>4189 >>4194 >>4201 >>4207 >>4216 >>4219 >>4224 >>4231 >>4239 >>4244 >>4249 >>4254 >>4258 >>4266 >>4272 >>4276 >>4280 >>4288 >>4294 >>4298 >>4301 >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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The Panic of 1893 was a serious economic depression in the US that began in 1893 and ended in 1897.

 

A combination of overextended Railroads, bankruptcy of National Cordage and wheat crop failures, concerned European investors who started a Gold Run on the US Treasury.

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:01 a.m. No.4563961   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>3966 >>3973 >>3979 >>3983 >>3988 >>3994 >>4001 >>4009 >>4012 >>4015 >>4021 >>4025 >>4026 >>4037 >>4044 >>4053 >>4059 >>4064 >>4075 >>4077 >>4080 >>4090 >>4099 >>4102 >>4108 >>4111 >>4114 >>4120 >>4127 >>4136 >>4140 >>4145 >>4151 >>4157 >>4165 >>4172 >>4178 >>4189 >>4194 >>4201 >>4207 >>4216 >>4219 >>4224 >>4231 >>4239 >>4244 >>4249 >>4254 >>4258 >>4266 >>4272 >>4276 >>4280 >>4288 >>4294 >>4298 >>4301 >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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The presidential election of 1896 was between Silver advocate William Jennings Bryan & Gold Standard supporter William McKinley.

 

According to Milton Friedman, the populist rhetoric of Bryan made sense because a gold standard in a world with a gold shortage is bad monetary policy

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:02 a.m. No.4563966   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>3973 >>3974 >>3979 >>3983 >>3988 >>3994 >>4001 >>4009 >>4012 >>4015 >>4021 >>4025 >>4026 >>4037 >>4044 >>4053 >>4059 >>4064 >>4075 >>4077 >>4080 >>4090 >>4099 >>4102 >>4108 >>4111 >>4114 >>4120 >>4127 >>4136 >>4140 >>4145 >>4151 >>4157 >>4165 >>4172 >>4178 >>4189 >>4194 >>4201 >>4207 >>4216 >>4219 >>4224 >>4231 >>4239 >>4244 >>4249 >>4254 >>4258 >>4266 >>4272 >>4276 >>4280 >>4288 >>4294 >>4298 >>4301 >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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The Gold Standard Act (1900) established gold as the only standard for redeeming paper money, ending Silver as a monetary metal.

 

The act established the US Dollar as 23.22 grains of Gold.

 

The US Dollar was previously set as 371.25 grains of Silver.

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:03 a.m. No.4563973   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>3979 >>3983 >>3987 >>3988 >>3994 >>4001 >>4009 >>4012 >>4015 >>4021 >>4025 >>4026 >>4037 >>4044 >>4053 >>4059 >>4064 >>4075 >>4077 >>4080 >>4090 >>4099 >>4102 >>4108 >>4111 >>4114 >>4120 >>4127 >>4136 >>4140 >>4145 >>4151 >>4157 >>4165 >>4172 >>4178 >>4189 >>4194 >>4201 >>4207 >>4216 >>4219 >>4224 >>4231 >>4239 >>4244 >>4249 >>4254 >>4258 >>4266 >>4272 >>4276 >>4280 >>4288 >>4294 >>4298 >>4301 >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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Those who own gold, want a gold standard.

 

Those who own silver, want a silver standard.

 

Metal prices will vary based on supply and demand fluctuations. Modern economies have great difficulty with these kinds of swings.

 

The current ratio of gold to silver prices is 83 to 1.

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:04 a.m. No.4563979   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>3983 >>3988 >>3994 >>4001 >>4009 >>4012 >>4015 >>4021 >>4025 >>4026 >>4037 >>4044 >>4053 >>4059 >>4064 >>4075 >>4077 >>4080 >>4090 >>4099 >>4102 >>4108 >>4111 >>4114 >>4120 >>4127 >>4136 >>4140 >>4145 >>4151 >>4157 >>4165 >>4172 >>4178 >>4189 >>4194 >>4201 >>4207 >>4216 >>4219 >>4224 >>4231 >>4239 >>4244 >>4249 >>4254 >>4258 >>4266 >>4272 >>4276 >>4280 >>4288 >>4294 >>4298 >>4301 >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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The Panic of 1907

 

Also known as the 1907 Bankers' Panic or Knickerbocker Crisis, was a United States financial crisis that took place over a three-week period starting in mid-October, when the New York Stock Exchange fell almost 50% from its peak the previous year.

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:05 a.m. No.4563983   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>3988 >>3994 >>4001 >>4009 >>4012 >>4015 >>4021 >>4025 >>4026 >>4037 >>4044 >>4045 >>4053 >>4059 >>4064 >>4075 >>4077 >>4080 >>4090 >>4099 >>4102 >>4108 >>4111 >>4114 >>4120 >>4127 >>4136 >>4140 >>4145 >>4151 >>4157 >>4165 >>4172 >>4178 >>4189 >>4194 >>4201 >>4207 >>4216 >>4219 >>4224 >>4231 >>4239 >>4244 >>4249 >>4254 >>4258 >>4266 >>4272 >>4276 >>4280 >>4288 >>4294 >>4298 >>4301 >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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The Panic of 1907 was triggered by the failed attempt to corner the market on stock of the United Copper Company.

 

Banks that had lent money to the scheme suffered runs that later spread, leading to the downfall of the Knickerbocker Trust Company, NYC’s 3rd largest trust.

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:06 a.m. No.4563988   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>3994 >>4001 >>4009 >>4012 >>4015 >>4021 >>4025 >>4026 >>4037 >>4044 >>4053 >>4059 >>4064 >>4075 >>4077 >>4080 >>4090 >>4099 >>4102 >>4108 >>4111 >>4114 >>4120 >>4127 >>4136 >>4140 >>4145 >>4151 >>4157 >>4165 >>4172 >>4178 >>4189 >>4194 >>4201 >>4207 >>4216 >>4219 >>4224 >>4231 >>4239 >>4244 >>4249 >>4254 >>4258 >>4266 >>4272 >>4276 >>4280 >>4288 >>4294 >>4298 >>4301 >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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The Panic of 1907 extended across the nation as vast numbers of people withdrew deposits from their regional banks.

 

Thats when financier J. P. Morganpledged large sums of his own money, and convinced other New York bankers to do the same, to shore up the banking system.

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:07 a.m. No.4563994   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>4001 >>4009 >>4012 >>4015 >>4021 >>4025 >>4026 >>4037 >>4044 >>4053 >>4059 >>4064 >>4075 >>4077 >>4080 >>4090 >>4099 >>4102 >>4108 >>4111 >>4114 >>4120 >>4127 >>4136 >>4140 >>4145 >>4151 >>4157 >>4165 >>4172 >>4178 >>4189 >>4194 >>4201 >>4207 >>4216 >>4219 >>4224 >>4231 >>4239 >>4244 >>4249 >>4254 >>4258 >>4266 >>4272 >>4276 >>4280 >>4288 >>4294 >>4298 >>4301 >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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ollapse was imminent due to heavy borrowing of a large brokerage firm that used the stock of Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad Company as collateral.

 

Until an emergency takeover of TC&I by Morgan's U.S. Steel Corporation; a move approved by anti-monopolist president Roosevelt.

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:07 a.m. No.4564001   🗄️.is 🔗kun

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After the Panic of 1907 was averted by essentially a private takeover by JP Morgan and friends, Senator Nelson W. Aldrich, father-in-law of John D. Rockefeller, Jr., established and chaired a commission to investigate the crisis and propose future solutions to avoid disasters.

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:08 a.m. No.4564009   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>4012 >>4015 >>4021 >>4025 >>4026 >>4037 >>4044 >>4053 >>4059 >>4064 >>4075 >>4077 >>4080 >>4090 >>4099 >>4102 >>4108 >>4111 >>4114 >>4120 >>4127 >>4136 >>4140 >>4145 >>4151 >>4157 >>4165 >>4172 >>4178 >>4189 >>4194 >>4201 >>4207 >>4216 >>4219 >>4224 >>4231 >>4239 >>4244 >>4249 >>4254 >>4258 >>4266 >>4272 >>4276 >>4280 >>4288 >>4294 >>4298 >>4301 >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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The Aldrich–Vreeland Act (1908) established the National Monetary Commission to investigate and propose legislation to regulate banking.

 

Senator Nelson Aldrich, te chairman of the National Monetary Commission, went to Europe for 2 years to study banking systems.

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:09 a.m. No.4564012   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>4021 >>4025 >>4026 >>4037 >>4044 >>4053 >>4059 >>4064 >>4075 >>4077 >>4080 >>4090 >>4099 >>4102 >>4108 >>4111 >>4114 >>4120 >>4127 >>4136 >>4140 >>4145 >>4151 >>4157 >>4165 >>4172 >>4178 >>4189 >>4194 >>4201 >>4207 >>4216 >>4219 >>4224 >>4231 >>4239 >>4244 >>4249 >>4254 >>4258 >>4266 >>4272 >>4276 >>4280 >>4288 >>4294 >>4298 >>4301 >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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Aldrich and A. P. Andrew (Assistant Secretary of the Treasury Department) convened a secret conference with a number of the nation's leading financiers at the Jekyll Island Club, off the coast of Georgia, to discuss monetary policy and the banking system in November 1910.

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:09 a.m. No.4564015   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>4021 >>4025 >>4026 >>4028 >>4037 >>4044 >>4053 >>4059 >>4064 >>4075 >>4077 >>4080 >>4090 >>4099 >>4102 >>4108 >>4111 >>4114 >>4120 >>4127 >>4136 >>4140 >>4145 >>4151 >>4157 >>4165 >>4172 >>4178 >>4189 >>4194 >>4201 >>4207 >>4216 >>4219 >>4224 >>4231 >>4239 >>4244 >>4249 >>4254 >>4258 >>4266 >>4272 >>4276 >>4280 >>4288 >>4294 >>4298 >>4301 >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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The final report of the National Monetary Commission was published in 1911.

 

On Dec. 23rd 1913, while 1/3 of Congress was on Christmas break, they passed the Federal Reserve Act.

 

President Woodrow Wilson signed the legislation the same day, creating the Federal Reserve System.

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:10 a.m. No.4564021   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>4025 >>4026 >>4037 >>4044 >>4053 >>4059 >>4064 >>4075 >>4077 >>4080 >>4090 >>4099 >>4102 >>4108 >>4111 >>4114 >>4120 >>4127 >>4136 >>4140 >>4145 >>4151 >>4157 >>4165 >>4172 >>4178 >>4189 >>4194 >>4201 >>4207 >>4216 >>4219 >>4223 >>4224 >>4231 >>4239 >>4244 >>4249 >>4254 >>4258 >>4266 >>4272 >>4276 >>4280 >>4288 >>4294 >>4298 >>4301 >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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Underwood Tariff Act of 1913, reduced average rates of imported goods from 40 percent to 25 percent and greatly enlarged the list of items that could be imported tax free.

 

This reduced the Government’s overall income substantially. It had to be sustained by other means.

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:11 a.m. No.4564025   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>4026 >>4029 >>4037 >>4044 >>4053 >>4059 >>4064 >>4075 >>4077 >>4080 >>4090 >>4099 >>4102 >>4108 >>4111 >>4114 >>4120 >>4127 >>4136 >>4140 >>4145 >>4151 >>4157 >>4165 >>4172 >>4178 >>4189 >>4194 >>4201 >>4207 >>4216 >>4219 >>4223 >>4224 >>4231 >>4239 >>4244 >>4249 >>4254 >>4258 >>4266 >>4272 >>4276 >>4280 >>4288 >>4294 >>4298 >>4301 >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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The Sixteenth Amendment (1913)

 

It direct contrast to the original Constitution, Congress removed the rule that forbid applying taxes directly onto the people.

 

Until 1913, customs duties (tariffs) and excise taxes were the primary sources of federal revenue.

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:12 a.m. No.4564026   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>4037 >>4044 >>4053 >>4059 >>4064 >>4075 >>4077 >>4080 >>4090 >>4099 >>4102 >>4108 >>4111 >>4114 >>4120 >>4127 >>4136 >>4140 >>4145 >>4151 >>4157 >>4165 >>4172 >>4178 >>4189 >>4194 >>4201 >>4207 >>4216 >>4219 >>4223 >>4224 >>4231 >>4239 >>4244 >>4249 >>4254 >>4258 >>4266 >>4272 >>4276 >>4280 >>4288 >>4294 >>4298 >>4301 >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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Year 1913

 

Now that:

 

  1. Import Taxes were drastically reduced through the Underwood Traiif Act (1913).

 

  1. A Federal Income Tax was levied directly on the people via The Sixteenth Amendment (1913).

 

  1. A Federal Reserve Act approved (1913).

 

What else did Woodrow Wilson want?

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:13 a.m. No.4564037   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>4044 >>4053 >>4059 >>4064 >>4073 >>4075 >>4077 >>4080 >>4090 >>4099 >>4102 >>4108 >>4111 >>4114 >>4120 >>4127 >>4136 >>4140 >>4145 >>4151 >>4157 >>4165 >>4172 >>4178 >>4189 >>4194 >>4201 >>4207 >>4216 >>4219 >>4223 >>4224 >>4231 >>4239 >>4244 >>4249 >>4254 >>4258 >>4266 >>4272 >>4276 >>4280 >>4286 >>4288 >>4294 >>4298 >>4301 >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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==Owen-Glass Federal Reserve Act (1913)

 

All major European powers had developed centralized controls over their banking systems, but the U.S. remained alone in failing to do so.

 

Full centralization of banking was now possible.

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:14 a.m. No.4564044   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>4053 >>4059 >>4064 >>4075 >>4077 >>4080 >>4083 >>4090 >>4099 >>4102 >>4108 >>4111 >>4114 >>4120 >>4127 >>4136 >>4140 >>4145 >>4151 >>4157 >>4165 >>4172 >>4178 >>4189 >>4194 >>4201 >>4207 >>4216 >>4219 >>4223 >>4224 >>4231 >>4239 >>4244 >>4249 >>4254 >>4258 >>4266 >>4272 >>4276 >>4280 >>4286 >>4288 >>4294 >>4298 >>4301 >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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=Federal Reserve Act==

 

Aldrich championed for a Single Central Bank, but instead Congress formed 12 regional Reserve Banks that were to act as a group of central banks for all national banks.

 

The Banks would not be federal bodies, but private ones owned by the member banks..

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:15 a.m. No.4564053   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>4223

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Extending Credit

 

The newly formed Federal Reserve System created Federal Reserve Notes backed by gold at 40% the amount of the notes.

 

This essentially created a Fractional Gold Standard allowing Bank Credit and Loans to Businesses and Consumers to be greatly extended.

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:16 a.m. No.4564059   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>4064 >>4065 >>4075 >>4077 >>4080 >>4090 >>4099 >>4102 >>4108 >>4111 >>4114 >>4120 >>4127 >>4136 >>4140 >>4145 >>4151 >>4157 >>4165 >>4172 >>4178 >>4189 >>4194 >>4201 >>4207 >>4216 >>4219 >>4223 >>4224 >>4231 >>4239 >>4244 >>4249 >>4254 >>4258 >>4266 >>4272 >>4276 >>4280 >>4286 >>4288 >>4294 >>4298 >>4301 >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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FED Rates

 

The greatest power given to the Federal Reserve System was the ability to control the interest rate charged when lending to banks.

 

Changes to the Discount Rate allows the FED to slow down the economic activity or stimulate the economic activity in the United States..

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:17 a.m. No.4564064   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>4075 >>4077 >>4080 >>4090 >>4099 >>4102 >>4108 >>4111 >>4114 >>4120 >>4127 >>4136 >>4140 >>4145 >>4151 >>4157 >>4165 >>4172 >>4178 >>4189 >>4194 >>4201 >>4207 >>4216 >>4219 >>4223 >>4224 >>4231 >>4239 >>4244 >>4249 >>4254 >>4258 >>4266 >>4272 >>4276 >>4280 >>4286 >>4288 >>4294 >>4298 >>4301 >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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FED Operations Begin (1915)

 

Wilson named Paul Warburg and other prominent experts to direct the new system.

 

Many regarded him as the chief driving force behind the establishment of America's central bank.

 

The Senate had concerns with his ties to Wall Street and Money Trusts.

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:18 a.m. No.4564075   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>4077 >>4080 >>4090 >>4099 >>4102 >>4108 >>4111 >>4114 >>4120 >>4127 >>4136 >>4140 >>4145 >>4151 >>4157 >>4165 >>4172 >>4178 >>4189 >>4194 >>4201 >>4207 >>4216 >>4219 >>4223 >>4224 >>4231 >>4239 >>4244 >>4249 >>4254 >>4258 >>4266 >>4272 >>4276 >>4280 >>4286 >>4288 >>4294 >>4298 >>4301 >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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WWI

 

European Nations spent large sums during the war and had to suspend their Gold Standard.

 

Gold was sent to the US to pay for supplies. The newly created Federal Reserve sold bonds to “sterilize” the effects of the gold imports which would have raised the US money supply.

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:18 a.m. No.4564077   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>4080 >>4090 >>4099 >>4102 >>4108 >>4111 >>4114 >>4120 >>4127 >>4136 >>4140 >>4145 >>4151 >>4157 >>4165 >>4172 >>4178 >>4189 >>4194 >>4201 >>4207 >>4216 >>4219 >>4223 >>4224 >>4231 >>4239 >>4244 >>4249 >>4254 >>4258 >>4266 >>4272 >>4276 >>4280 >>4286 >>4288 >>4294 >>4298 >>4301 >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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Expanding Credit

 

From 1915, when the Federal Reserve began operations, until the Stock Market crashed of 1929, the US Money Supply tripled!

 

This was due to the Fractional Reserve Policy created by the Federal Reserve Act (1913)

 

This expanded bank credit and increased loans.

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:19 a.m. No.4564080   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>4090 >>4099 >>4102 >>4108 >>4111 >>4114 >>4120 >>4127 >>4136 >>4140 >>4145 >>4151 >>4157 >>4165 >>4172 >>4178 >>4189 >>4194 >>4201 >>4207 >>4216 >>4219 >>4223 >>4224 >>4231 >>4239 >>4244 >>4249 >>4254 >>4258 >>4266 >>4272 >>4276 >>4280 >>4286 >>4288 >>4294 >>4298 >>4301 >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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Black Tuesday

 

The rapid expanding of credit caused by Fractional Lending Of the FED allowed borrowers to spend like never before.

 

During the 1920s, the U.S. stock market underwent rapid expansion, reaching its peak in August 1929, after a period of wild speculation.

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:21 a.m. No.4564090   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>4099 >>4102 >>4108 >>4111 >>4114 >>4120 >>4127 >>4136 >>4140 >>4145 >>4151 >>4157 >>4165 >>4172 >>4178 >>4189 >>4194 >>4201 >>4207 >>4216 >>4219 >>4223 >>4224 >>4231 >>4239 >>4244 >>4249 >>4254 >>4258 >>4266 >>4272 >>4276 >>4280 >>4286 >>4288 >>4294 >>4298 >>4301 >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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Fractional Lending in the Stock Market

 

A new method for buying stocks, called Margin, allowed investors to buy huge amounts of stocks with only 10 percent or 20 percent down.

 

When stock prices fell, the brokers called in the loans.

 

Many lost their entire life savings!

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:22 a.m. No.4564099   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>4102 >>4108 >>4111 >>4114 >>4120 >>4127 >>4136 >>4140 >>4145 >>4151 >>4157 >>4165 >>4172 >>4178 >>4189 >>4194 >>4201 >>4207 >>4216 >>4219 >>4223 >>4224 >>4231 >>4239 >>4244 >>4249 >>4254 >>4258 >>4266 >>4272 >>4276 >>4280 >>4286 >>4288 >>4294 >>4298 >>4301 >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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What caused the Crash of 1929?

 

“The Federal Reserve is a tool to consolidate and control wealth.”

 

Between 1923 and 1929, the Federal Reserve expanded the money supply by 62%.

 

This new money was used to bid the stock market up to dizzying heights with tales of instant riches.

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:23 a.m. No.4564102   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>4108 >>4111 >>4114 >>4120 >>4127 >>4136 >>4140 >>4145 >>4151 >>4157 >>4165 >>4172 >>4178 >>4189 >>4194 >>4201 >>4207 >>4216 >>4219 >>4223 >>4224 >>4231 >>4239 >>4244 >>4249 >>4254 >>4258 >>4266 >>4272 >>4276 >>4280 >>4286 >>4288 >>4294 >>4298 >>4301 >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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The Pefect Storm (1929)

 

  1. Huge increases in money supply because of the FED’s Fractional Reserve Lending.

 

  1. Lack of Rising Interest Rates to counter the rapid Economic Expansion.

 

  1. Over-Priced Stocks due to massive buying made possible by Margin Lending.

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:23 a.m. No.4564108   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>4111 >>4114 >>4120 >>4127 >>4136 >>4140 >>4145 >>4151 >>4157 >>4165 >>4172 >>4178 >>4189 >>4194 >>4201 >>4207 >>4216 >>4219 >>4223 >>4224 >>4231 >>4239 >>4244 >>4249 >>4254 >>4258 >>4266 >>4272 >>4276 >>4280 >>4286 >>4288 >>4294 >>4298 >>4301 >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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After the Stock Market Crash of 1929, many who bought on Margin, lost their entire life savings.

 

People rushed to withdraw their deposits from the banks, but because of the FED’s Fractional Reserve Lending, many banks lacked the funds and 1/3 of US banks were forced to close.

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:24 a.m. No.4564111   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>4114 >>4120 >>4127 >>4136 >>4140 >>4145 >>4151 >>4157 >>4165 >>4172 >>4178 >>4189 >>4194 >>4201 >>4207 >>4216 >>4219 >>4223 >>4224 >>4231 >>4239 >>4244 >>4249 >>4254 >>4258 >>4266 >>4272 >>4276 >>4280 >>4286 >>4288 >>4294 >>4298 >>4301 >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic event that took place during the 1930s.

 

It started in 1929 after major US bank foreclosures caused by the Stock Market Crash of 1929.

 

It was the longest, deepest, and most widespread depression of the 20th century.

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:25 a.m. No.4564114   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>4120 >>4127 >>4136 >>4140 >>4145 >>4151 >>4157 >>4165 >>4172 >>4178 >>4189 >>4194 >>4201 >>4207 >>4216 >>4219 >>4223 >>4224 >>4231 >>4239 >>4244 >>4249 >>4254 >>4258 >>4266 >>4272 >>4276 >>4280 >>4286 >>4288 >>4294 >>4298 >>4301 >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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World Trade (1930s)

 

The decline in the U.S. economy was the factor that pulled down most other countries at first; then, internal weaknesses or strengths in each country made conditions worse.

 

By 1933, the economic decline had pushed world trade to 1/3 of its previous level.

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:26 a.m. No.4564120   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>4127 >>4135 >>4136 >>4140 >>4145 >>4151 >>4157 >>4160 >>4165 >>4172 >>4178 >>4189 >>4194 >>4201 >>4207 >>4216 >>4219 >>4223 >>4224 >>4231 >>4239 >>4244 >>4249 >>4254 >>4258 >>4266 >>4272 >>4276 >>4280 >>4286 >>4288 >>4294 >>4298 >>4301 >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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Lack of FED Action

 

By not lowering interest rates, not increasing the monetary base and not injecting liquidity into the banking system, the Federal Reserve passively watched the crisis grow.

 

The Great Depression could of been avoided if the FED had taken aggressive action.

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:27 a.m. No.4564127   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>4136 >>4140 >>4145 >>4151 >>4157 >>4165 >>4172 >>4178 >>4189 >>4194 >>4201 >>4207 >>4216 >>4219 >>4223 >>4224 >>4231 >>4239 >>4244 >>4249 >>4254 >>4258 >>4266 >>4272 >>4276 >>4280 >>4286 >>4288 >>4294 >>4298 >>4301 >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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Declining Investment 1930s

 

The Federal Reserve allowed large public bank failures which produced panic and widespread runs on local banks.

 

With significantly less money, businesses could not get new loans or get their old loans renewed, private investment dropped by 80%.

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:28 a.m. No.4564136   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>4140 >>4144 >>4145 >>4151 >>4157 >>4165 >>4172 >>4178 >>4189 >>4194 >>4201 >>4207 >>4216 >>4219 >>4224 >>4231 >>4239 >>4244 >>4249 >>4254 >>4258 >>4266 >>4272 >>4276 >>4280 >>4286 >>4288 >>4294 >>4298 >>4301 >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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Dold Standard 1930s

 

One reason why the Federal Reserve did not limit the decline of the money supply was the Gold Standard.

 

The amount of credit the Federal Reserve could issue was limited by the Federal Reserve Act, which required 40% gold backing of Federal Reserve Notes.

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:28 a.m. No.4564140   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>4145 >>4151 >>4157 >>4165 >>4172 >>4178 >>4189 >>4194 >>4201 >>4207 >>4216 >>4219 >>4223 >>4224 >>4231 >>4239 >>4244 >>4249 >>4254 >>4258 >>4266 >>4272 >>4276 >>4280 >>4286 >>4288 >>4294 >>4298 >>4301 >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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FED Maxed Out

 

By the late 1920s, the Federal Reserve had almost hit the limit of allowable credit that could be backed by the gold in its possession.

 

For every Reserve Note issued, the Federal Reserve had to have 40% of it’s value in Gold in it’s vaults.

 

The FED needed Gold!

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:29 a.m. No.4564145   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>4151 >>4157 >>4165 >>4172 >>4178 >>4189 >>4194 >>4201 >>4207 >>4216 >>4219 >>4223 >>4224 >>4231 >>4239 >>4244 >>4249 >>4254 >>4258 >>4266 >>4272 >>4276 >>4280 >>4286 >>4288 >>4294 >>4298 >>4301 >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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The Gold Standard

 

During the bank panics a portion of Federal Reserve Notes were redeemed for Federal Reserve gold.

 

Since the Federal Reserve had hit its limit on allowable credit, any reduction in Gold in its vaults had to be accompanied by a greater reduction in credit.

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:30 a.m. No.4564151   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>4157 >>4161 >>4165 >>4172 >>4178 >>4189 >>4194 >>4201 >>4207 >>4216 >>4219 >>4223 >>4224 >>4231 >>4239 >>4244 >>4249 >>4254 >>4258 >>4266 >>4272 >>4276 >>4280 >>4286 >>4288 >>4294 >>4298 >>4301 >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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No More Dollars!

 

Although the Federal Reserve Fractional Lending had caused the Great Depression, they felt that extending it further was only way to out of decline.

 

But the FED had already exceeded the allowable number of Dollars.

 

They argued the link to Gold had to go!

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:30 a.m. No.4564157   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>4165 >>4172 >>4178 >>4189 >>4194 >>4201 >>4207 >>4216 >>4219 >>4224 >>4231 >>4239 >>4244 >>4249 >>4254 >>4258 >>4266 >>4272 >>4276 >>4280 >>4286 >>4288 >>4294 >>4298 >>4301 >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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Gold Confiscation 1933

 

In an effort to “Expand Federal Reserve credit”, Roosevelt signed Executive Order 6102.

 

The order “forbade the Hoarding of gold coin, bullion, and gold certificates within the United States, under penalty of $10,000 and/or up to 5-10 years imprisonment”.

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:31 a.m. No.4564165   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>4172 >>4178 >>4189 >>4194 >>4201 >>4207 >>4216 >>4219 >>4224 >>4231 >>4239 >>4244 >>4249 >>4254 >>4258 >>4266 >>4272 >>4276 >>4280 >>4286 >>4288 >>4294 >>4298 >>4301 >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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>>4564157

 

Gold Reserve Act (1934)

 

Congress nationalized all Gold and ordered the Banks to turn it over to the U.S. Treasury.

 

The act also authorized the president to revalue the gold from $20.67 to $35, devaluing the dollar by over 40%.

 

This allowed more Reserve Notes to be created.

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:32 a.m. No.4564172   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>4178 >>4189 >>4194 >>4201 >>4207 >>4216 >>4219 >>4224 >>4231 >>4239 >>4244 >>4249 >>4254 >>4258 >>4266 >>4272 >>4276 >>4280 >>4286 >>4288 >>4294 >>4298 >>4301 >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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>>4564165

 

Economic Stabilization Fund

 

The Gold Reserve Act also created the ESF using $2 billion of the $2.8 billion paper profit the government realized from raising the price of gold to $35 an ounce from $20.67.

 

ESF deals in gold & foreign exchange to stabilize the value of the dollar.

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:32 a.m. No.4564178   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>4189 >>4194 >>4201 >>4207 >>4216 >>4219 >>4224 >>4231 >>4239 >>4244 >>4249 >>4254 >>4258 >>4266 >>4272 >>4276 >>4280 >>4286 >>4288 >>4294 >>4298 >>4301 >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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>>4564172

 

Banking Act of 1933

 

  1. Created a (FDIC) federal system of bank deposit insurance championed by Representative Steagall'''

 

  1. Prohibits “Savings & Loans” banks from making “speculative investments” championed by Senator Glass

 

Often called the Glass-Steagall Act-Repealed in 1999..

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:33 a.m. No.4564189   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>4194 >>4201 >>4207 >>4216 >>4219 >>4224 >>4231 >>4239 >>4244 >>4249 >>4254 >>4258 >>4266 >>4272 >>4276 >>4280 >>4286 >>4288 >>4294 >>4298 >>4301 >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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>>4564178

 

Banking Act of 1935

 

The Act concentrated the power of the Federal Reserve System from 12 Regional Banks to a Single Federal Reserve Board and also set the term of the Chairman to 14 years.

 

This greatly changed how the FED operated and gave it enormous control over the economy

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:34 a.m. No.4564194   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>4201 >>4204 >>4207 >>4216 >>4219 >>4224 >>4231 >>4239 >>4244 >>4249 >>4254 >>4258 >>4266 >>4272 >>4276 >>4280 >>4286 >>4288 >>4294 >>4298 >>4301 >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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>>4564189

 

Federal Open Market Committee

 

Created by the Banking Act of 1935, The FOMC controls how and when Reserve Banks participate in open market operations.

 

The Federal Reserve committee makes key decisions about interest rates and the growth of the United States money supply.

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:35 a.m. No.4564201   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>4207 >>4216 >>4219 >>4220 >>4224 >>4231 >>4239 >>4244 >>4249 >>4254 >>4258 >>4266 >>4272 >>4276 >>4280 >>4286 >>4288 >>4294 >>4298 >>4301 >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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>>4564194

 

Economic Recovery 1933-1937

 

Gold Confiscation and the Gold Reserve Act along with more international gold inflows (due to the revalued Gold price), increased the US money supply, aided the recovery of the United States economy, and slowed the poor management of money by the FED.

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:36 a.m. No.4564207   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>4216 >>4219 >>4224 >>4231 >>4239 >>4244 >>4249 >>4254 >>4258 >>4266 >>4272 >>4276 >>4280 >>4286 >>4288 >>4294 >>4298 >>4301 >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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>>4564194

>>4564201

 

1937 Downturn

 

Roosevelt’s effort to curb government spending and balance the budget, stifled the recovery in 1937.

 

Roosevelt blamed big business and sought to break up monopolies.

 

In 1938, Roosevelt launched a $5 billion spending program to increase mass purchasing power.

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:36 a.m. No.4564216   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>4219 >>4224 >>4231 >>4239 >>4244 >>4249 >>4254 >>4258 >>4266 >>4272 >>4276 >>4277 >>4280 >>4286 >>4288 >>4294 >>4298 >>4301 >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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>>4564201

>>4564207

 

1937 FED Actions

 

Roosevelt was blamed for the 1937 Recession when he curbed Government Spending and Balanced the Federal Budget, but Economist felt it was the FED’s Contraction of the Money Supply that tanked Roosevelt’s effort to be fiscallly responsible.

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:37 a.m. No.4564219   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>4224 >>4225 >>4231 >>4239 >>4244 >>4249 >>4254 >>4258 >>4266 >>4272 >>4276 >>4280 >>4286 >>4288 >>4294 >>4298 >>4301 >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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>>4564207

>>4564216

 

Shaking off the Great Depression (1933-1939)

 

The US economy continued to grow throughout the 1930s thanks to FDRs New Deal relief programs, but unemployment was still over 12%.

 

Until The War Economy began!

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:38 a.m. No.4564224   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>4230 >>4231 >>4239 >>4244 >>4249 >>4254 >>4258 >>4262 >>4266 >>4272 >>4276 >>4280 >>4286 >>4288 >>4294 >>4298 >>4301 >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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>>4564216

>>4564219

 

War broke out in Europe (1939)

 

With war ramping up in Europe, the US began supplying its allies. This kickstarted the receding US economy.

 

In 1940, US unemployment was still high, but was falling slowly. The economy grew 8% that year and FDR raised the top income tax to 81%.

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:39 a.m. No.4564231   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>4239 >>4244 >>4249 >>4254 >>4258 >>4266 >>4272 >>4276 >>4280 >>4286 >>4288 >>4294 >>4298 >>4301 >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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War is good for the economy, if you’re not in it!

 

In the year 1941, the US economy grew 17.7% and unemployment plummeted to 9.9%.

 

The US was on track for a very prosperous decade and a fast recovering economy,

Then war came to us…

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:40 a.m. No.4564239   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>4244 >>4249 >>4254 >>4258 >>4266 >>4272 >>4276 >>4280 >>4286 >>4288 >>4294 >>4298 >>4301 >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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>>4564231

 

Pearl Harbor (1941)

 

On December 7th, 1941 Japanese aircraft (353) attacked the US military base in Pearl Harbor Hawaii.

 

2,335 were killed & 4 of 8 battleships were destroyed.

 

On Dec. 8th, the US declared war on Japan. On Dec. 11th, Germany and Italy declared war on the US.

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:40 a.m. No.4564244   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>4249 >>4254 >>4258 >>4265 >>4266 >>4269 >>4272 >>4276 >>4280 >>4288 >>4294 >>4298 >>4301 >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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>>4564239

 

War Is Expensive!

 

Before joining World War II US gov. spending in 1941 was 30% of GDP, $408 billion.

 

In 1944, the peak of World War II, government spending had risen to over $1.6 trillion about 79% of the GDP.

 

During this 3 year period, total gov. debt rose to 120% of GDP!

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:41 a.m. No.4564249   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>4254 >>4258 >>4266 >>4272 >>4276 >>4280 >>4286 >>4288 >>4294 >>4298 >>4301 >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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>>4564239

>>4564244

 

Bretton Woods 1944

 

Preparing to rebuild the international economic system, while WW II was still raging, 730 delegates from all 44 Allied nations gathered at the Mount Washington Hotel in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, US for the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference.

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:42 a.m. No.4564254   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>4258 >>4266 >>4272 >>4276 >>4280 >>4286 >>4288 >>4294 >>4298 >>4301 >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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>>4564249

 

The US vs. Britain

 

44 nations attended the conference, but the two major plans were from the United States and Britain.

 

The chief international economist at the U.S. Treasury, Harry Dexter White, competed with the plan drafted by John Maynard Keynes for the British Treasury.

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:42 a.m. No.4564258   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>4266 >>4272 >>4276 >>4280 >>4286 >>4288 >>4294 >>4298 >>4301 >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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>>4564254

 

International Monetary Fund

 

The big question was the institution that would emerge as the IMF and the issue of future access to international liquidity.

 

Should it be a World Central Bank able to create new reserves at will, or a more limited borrowing mechanism?

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:43 a.m. No.4564266   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>4272 >>4276 >>4280 >>4286 >>4288 >>4294 >>4298 >>4301 >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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>>4564258

 

US Plan wins Bretton Woods

 

Because of the overwhelming economic and military power of the US, the participants at Bretton Woods largely agreed on the US plan.

 

A system of subscriptions and quotas embedded in the IMF, instead of a World Central Bank capable of creating money.

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:44 a.m. No.4564272   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>4276 >>4280 >>4288 >>4294 >>4298 >>4301 >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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>>4564266

 

The IMF is provided with a fund composed of contributions from member countries in gold and their own currencies.

 

When joining the IMF, members pay 25% in gold and 75% in their own currency.

 

The original quotas were to total $8.8 billion.

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:44 a.m. No.4564276   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>4280 >>4288 >>4294 >>4298 >>4301 >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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>>4564272

 

IMF Leadership

 

Never before had international monetary cooperation been attempted on a permanent institutional basis.

 

Since the US was contributing the most, U.S. leadership was the key.

 

The US held 1/3 of all IMF quotas, enough to veto all changes to the IMF Charter.

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:45 a.m. No.4564280   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>4288 >>4294 >>4298 >>4301 >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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>>4564276

 

IMF and the US Treasury

 

The IMF was based in Washington DC and staffed mainly by US economists

 

It regularly exchanged personnel with the US Treasury

 

When the IMF began in 1946, President Truman named Treasury Secretary & Suspected Communist White as its 1st Executive Director

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:46 a.m. No.4564288   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>4294 >>4298 >>4301 >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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>>4564280

 

US Trade Deficit

 

Even though all nations wanted to buy superior US products, dollars had to leave the US for international use as a reserve currency.

 

The US would have to reverse global trade and create a trade deficit to increase the outflow of US reserves to other nations.

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:47 a.m. No.4564294   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>4298 >>4301 >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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>>4564288

 

IMF Failure

 

Because of the lack of exports from European countries, only the US contribution of $570 million was actually available for lending from the IMF.

 

By 1947 the IMF admitted it was NOT equipped to deal with the international monetary system's economic problems.

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:48 a.m. No.4564298   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>4301 >>4305 >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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>>4564294

 

European Recovery

 

With the IMF unable to help Europe and a lack of international dollars to be used as reserve currency, the US had to set up a Recovery Program to provide large-scale financial and economic aid for rebuilding Europe, using grants and direct loans.

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:48 a.m. No.4564301   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>4307 >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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>>4564298

 

Marshall Plan 1947

 

Officially, The Plan was an American initiative to aid Western Europe, to rebuild economies after the end of World War II.

 

But The real US goal was to expand the use of the dollar and influence of the US gov. all while preventing the spread of Communism.

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:49 a.m. No.4564307   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>4316 >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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>>4564301

 

The FED vs US Treasury

 

During WWII the FED agreed to keep interest rates at 0.375% to help finance the war effort.

 

After the war, industrial production fell and inflation was rising. The FED wanted to raise rates.

 

The Treasury did not agree & by 1948 the US was in recession.

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:49 a.m. No.4564316   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>4329 >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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>>4564301

>>4564307

 

1951 Accord

 

The FED wanted to raise rates but Truman fought it and even replaced the FED director twice in 3 years.

 

In 1951 the US entered the Korean War and inflation grew 21%. The FED and Truman came to a compromise.

 

The 1951 Accord restored some independence to the Fed.

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:51 a.m. No.4564329   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>4336 >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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Bank Holding Company Act of 1956

 

The law curbed bank influence by prohibiting a holding company from engaging in non-banking activities or acquiring voting securities of companies that are not banks. It also restricted multi-state bank ownership.

 

It was later repealed in 1999.

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:52 a.m. No.4564336   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>4347 >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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Gold Prices Break Free

 

The Bretton-Woods agreement, signed at the end of WWII, set the Gold price at $35/ounce.

 

By the early 1960s, the pressures of the Gold Market were mounting.

 

The effort to keep the private market price of Gold at that level was too much for the US.

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:52 a.m. No.4564347   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>4350 >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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Gold is Set Free (1968)

 

The effort to control the private market price of Gold was abandoned.

 

Central banks would trade Gold at $35 but would NOT trade with the private market.

 

The market could trade at the open market price and there would be no official intervention.

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:53 a.m. No.4564350   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>4357 >>4365 >>4372

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Open Gold Market

 

In 1968, Gold Markets were allowed to set their own prices based on market demand.

 

The price immediately jumped to $43 and was now at the will of the market.

 

This gold price increased sharply in 1972 and reached a high of $70.

 

By 1973 it was over $100/ounce!

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:53 a.m. No.4564357   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>4365 >>4372

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Run on US Dollar

 

Beginning in 1965, France who had been holding US Dollar reserves now sought to redeem their US Dollars for Gold.

 

Inflation was rising and US Government spending was up due to the Vietnam War.

 

This combination impacted the Dollar’s value internationally.

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:54 a.m. No.4564365   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>4372

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Failure of Bretton-Woods

 

France demanded Gold for their Dollars and soon others followed.

 

In May 1971, West Germany left the Bretton-Woods system. Within 3 months, the Dollar lost 7.5% against the Deutsche Mark.

 

In July, Switzerland sought Gold for their Dollars as well.

Anonymous ID: c04853 Jan. 2, 2019, 6:55 a.m. No.4564372   🗄️.is 🔗kun

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The Nixon Shock

 

On the afternoon of Friday, August 13, 1971, White House and Treasury advisors met secretly with Nixon at Camp David.

 

Relying heavily on the advice of Treasury Secretary Connally, Nixon decided to suspend the convertibility of the dollar into gold.