dChan
Anonymous ID: d32f0c Jan. 22, 2019, 8:03 a.m. No.4860913   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>0940 >>0963

Prion diseases in humans

 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8105771

 

http://www.prionalliance.org/2013/12/02/what-are-human-prion-diseases/

 

http://www.prion.ucl.ac.uk/clinic-services/information/prion-disease/

Anonymous ID: d32f0c Jan. 22, 2019, 8:07 a.m. No.4860963   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>1004

>>4860913

here are 3 ways iCJD has been acquired:

 

Growth hormone and gonadotrophin administration

 

Between 1958 and 1985 thousands of children were treated worldwide with injections of growth hormone to correct growth problems. Approximately 1,900 children were treated with human derived growth hormone in the UK yet relatively few people have developed CJD. To date there have been approximately 200 cases world-wide. The growth hormone in these cases was extracted from large numbers of pituitary glands (a small gland at the base of the brain which produces growth hormone) obtained from bodies after death i.e. cadaver sourced growth hormone. A number of glands were thought to be derived from patients who, unbeknown at the time of donation, had been suffering from CJD. Use of this material in the UK and USA ceased in 1985 and a little later in France when artificially synthesised growth hormone, which does not carry this risk, became available.

 

A small number of women have also developed CJD after being treated with human derived pituitary gonadotrophin (sometimes used for treatment of infertility).

 

Growth hormone induced iCJD affects young adults as most treatments were given to children with restricted growth. The disease has a long incubation period that can exceed three decades. At present there are 2-6 new cases diagnosed each year in the UK. In the early stages the illness is predominantly a disorder of co-ordination and balance (ataxia), sometimes with psychiatric disturbances. The duration of the illness is variable but is usually 8-18 months.

 

Implantation of cadaver sourced dura.

 

The dura is a tough membrane covering the brain and lying immediately under the skull. Material obtained from several dead patients was used to repair defects in the dura of patients who had undergone surgical procedures on the brain which left substantial defects in the dura and occasionally for other reasons e.g. aneurysm repair. Since 1992 human dural grafts have not been used, having been replaced with a synthetic substitute. The majority of iCJD cases as a result of dural grafting have been reported from Japan, where 132 cases had been notified by 2008, with very few from the UK. Data from Japan indicates a wide age range of onset of CJD in these cases as would be expected from the variable age at which the initial graft was under taken (15-80 years median age 57 years ). The incubation period is also variable, ranging from 14 months to 25years (median approximately 12 years); as a few cases are still occurring it is not possible to given a maximum incubation period.

 

The initial symptoms are usually problems with memory and cognition (dementia), and the subsequent progression is similar to that seen in sCJD (refer to sporadic prion disease section for further information).

 

Other surgical procedures

 

Historically there have been five cases of CJD resulting from surgical procedures on the brain using instruments previously used for neurosurgical operations on a patient known to have sCJD. There have been no such cases for decades in the UK.

 

Two cases of CJD have been reported in patients who have received corneal grafts to repair damage to the cornea (the transparent part of the front of the eye). The grafted tissue is sourced from deceased patients. These two cases may represent a chance coincidence of sCJD in a grafted patient. Even if the recipient’s CJD was truly related the risk in general must be very small given the large numbers of grafts done each year.

 

http://www.prion.ucl.ac.uk/clinic-services/information/signs-and-symptoms/

Anonymous ID: d32f0c Jan. 22, 2019, 8:26 a.m. No.4861200   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>1211

All in the very morning hour

Our gentle Lord and Savior

Was fettered and arraigned before

the bailiff of Judea.

 

But heathen Pilate found no stain

In him or civil terror

Accordingly he sent him on to

Magistrate King Herod

 

Third hour, and the son of God

Was scourged by whips and bludgeoned.

And then those sinful people placed

A crown of thorns upon him.

 

Revile him, did those citizens

And beat him, did those soldiers.

The cross on which he was to die

was laid upon his shoulders.

 

Sixth hour, they stripped him of his robe

And on the cross they nailed him.

The Christ was bleeding freely now.

(And are the faithful wailing?)

 

His enemies made sport of him,

So did the true believers.

The sun itself retired then

To scorn their cruel behavior.

 

Ninth hour, Jesus Christ cried out

"My God I am forsaken!"

They gave him bile and vinegar

His mortal thirst to slaken.

 

Then Jesus Christ gave up the ghost

And all creation trembled;

The temple fell and from the hill

The rock of Ages tumbled.

 

And in the very vesper hour

The two thieves' bones were broken.

A spear was thrust in Jesus side,

And Jesus' side did open.

 

And blood and water did run out,

It flowed beyond all measure,

And all the folk from round about

did mock our lord and Savior.