The Saturn V engines were actually fairly primitive. They were built for reliability (not being a huge embarrassment) and were a rather unambitious design. You could design something far superior with modern tools for far less effort than reverse engineering and duplicating those old things.
>Russian enrichment would give it an isotope signature
That only happens with plutonium, which is produced in a reactor. Uranium enrichment causes no signature.
>each uranium mined around the world has a unique signature
No. Uranium is uranium is uranium. The only variation is the ratio of U-238 to U-235, which is the result of enrichment. There is no way to trace when uranium came from.
As I mentioned to another anon, that happens with plutonium.