Regarding the 4-6%

I have been reading studies on the profoundly negative effects of being raised in a single parent

home and how boys seem to be more severely affected than girls.

I think I might have stumbled onto an idea of how the 4-6% come to be and possibly how they could

be identified.

https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/app.5.1.32

>This paper explores the importance of the home and school environments in explaining the gender gap in disruptive behavior. We document large differences in the gender gap across key features of the home environment – boys do especially poorly in broken families. In contrast, we find little impact of the early school environment on noncognitive gaps. Differences in endowments explain a small part of boys' noncognitive deficit in single-mother families. More importantly, noncognitive returns to parental inputs differ markedly by gender. Broken families are associated with worse parental inputs, and boys' noncognitive development, unlike that of girls', appears extremely responsive to such inputs. (JEL I21, J12, J13, J16, Z13)

I was unfamiliar with the term noncognitive so I found this explanation:

>Noncognitive or “soft skills” are related to motivation, integrity, and interpersonal interaction. They may also involve intellect, but more indirectly and less consciously than cognitive skills. Soft skills are associated with an individual's personality, temperament, and attitudes.

So my hypothesis is that stunted noncognitive development makes for better brainwash subjects and it

seems to affect boys more than girls.

So I suspect the 4-6% will be more males than females and most will be from single parent (broken) homes

I'll go back to lurking. God bless you all.