Incoming multi-post.
From Encyclopedia Britannica:
https:// www.britannica.com/biography/Edward-Snowden
Despite a relative lack of formal education and training, Snowden demonstrated an aptitude with computers, and he was hired by the Central Intelligence Agency in 2006. He was given a top secret clearance and in 2007 was posted to Geneva, where he worked as a network security technician under a diplomatic cover.
They also gave him a diplomatic passport. Possible he used this passport to travel to Russia?
Snowden left the CIA for the NSA in 2009. There he worked as a private contractor for the companies Dell and Booz Allen Hamilton. During this time, he began gathering information on a number of NSA activities—most notably, secret surveillance programs that he believed were overly broad in size and scope.
The Dell assignment was in Japan. This info is strangely absent from the encyclopedia entry.
In a subsequent interview with the South China Morning Post, he claimed that the NSA had been hacking into Chinese computers since 2009 and that he had taken a job with Booz Allen Hamilton expressly to obtain information about secret NSA activities.
So basically, Snowden had been planning this for years before his 2013 flight to Hong Kong. This is confirmed in a Wikia page:
http:// military.wikia.com/wiki/Edward_Snowden
Snowden has said that in the 2008 presidential election he voted for a third-party candidate. He has stated he had been planning to make disclosures about NSA surveillance programs at the time, but he decided to wait because he "believed in Obama's promises".
So basically, Snowden had been planning this since before 2008.
In August 2014, as Snowden’s grant of temporary asylum expired, the Russian government awarded him a three-year residence permit (effective August 1), which would allow him to leave the country for up to three months. He was also granted the opportunity to request an extension of that permit and, after five years of residence, to apply for Russian citizenship should he choose to do so.
Meaning his currently being in China has no bearing on his situation in Russia.
From the Talking Points Memo website:
https:// talkingpointsmemo.com/muckraker/a-guide-to-the-career-of-edward-snowden
The Guardian reported Snowden spent the last four years working for various outside contractors, “including Booz Allen and Dell.” On Sunday, Booz Allen Hamilton, a major government contractor, confirmed that Snowden had been an employee of the firm for the last few months.
So basically, Snowden was not even working directly for the NSA, but an outside contractor.