Anonymous ID: 1d31e8 April 7, 2019, 6:45 p.m. No.6090960   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>1114 >>1285 >>1459 >>1642

Trump Nominee Malpass Selected as Next World Bank President

 

The former undersecretary of the Treasury for international affairs has been a critic of the international development bank

 

President Donald Trump’s choice to be the next World Bank president, David Malpass, was formally approved on Friday by a unanimous vote of the bank’s board of executive directors in Washington. Mr. Malpass—previously the undersecretary of the Treasury for international affairs and a critic of the World Bank—will take office on April 9, just in time for a gathering of the world’s finance ministers and central bankers in Washington for the spring meetings of the bank and the International Monetary Fund. The confirmation by the bank’s directors was all but assured as no other candidate emerged to challenge Mr. Malpass in the two months since the U.S. announced his candidacy. The Washington-based World Bank is the world’s largest and most influential development bank. Its president is selected by a board of executive directors, made up of representatives from the bank’s 189 member countries. The U.S. is the bank’s largest shareholder and by tradition has selected the president, though that is not guaranteed.

 

Mr. Trump has been an avowed skeptic of multilateral institutions. But Mr. Malpass has sent strong signals that he doesn’t envision a shake-up of the organization in interviews since his nomination. The day-to-day operations of the World Bank may see little initial change. In recent years, the previous World Bank President Jim Yong Kim, relied heavily on the bank’s chief executive officer, Kristalina Georgieva, to run the day-to-day operations. Mr. Malpass intends to retain Ms. Georgieva in the role. Ms. Georgieva and Mr. Malpass worked together closely last year negotiating a deal to increase funding for the bank. The two are said to work very well together; the U.S. had been the last holdout on the deal.

 

Mr. Malpass has drawn attention for his criticism of China’s relationship with the World Bank. Even as China has grown wealthier, it continues to draw heavily upon World Bank loans. In his prior job as Treasury undersecretary for international affairs, Mr. Malpass pushed for the bank to cut its lending to Beijing. Mr. Malpass was never alone in this effort. Japan, the World Bank’s second-largest shareholder, for example, has publicly backed that initiative. Japan’s finance minister, Taro Aso, met with Mr. Malpass early in February and cited his desire to curtail Chinese lending as a reason to support his candidacy. “We expect [the World Bank] to steadily scale down loans to high- and middle-income countries, especially China,” Mr. Aso later told reporters. He cited Mr. Malpassas saying he “will firmly carry out [the request] if he becomes president.”

 

Mr. Malpass’s critics highlight his time as the chief economist of Bear Stearns, the investment bank that collapsed early in the financial crisis. But Mr. Malpass also has a long track record with international development issues. He twice held the title of deputy assistant secretary, once for the Treasury Department with a focus on developing nations, and once at the State Department, focused on Latin American economic affairs. He also served stints as a trade analyst for the Senate Budget Committee and a staff director of the Joint Economic Committee.

 

During his time in Ronald Reagan’s Treasury Department, Mr. Malpass worked to negotiate a 1987 funding increase for the World Bank; the deal, he noted, created the World Bank’s environmental division. This history was an effective part of Mr. Malpass’s campaign for his candidacy to the World Bank’s member nations. One reason no other candidate emerged for the president’s job is that key shareholders were convinced the bank’s environmental work wasn’t in jeopardy.

 

In a meeting in Paris in February, Mr. Malpass secured the support of French Finance Minister Bruno Le Maire. Mr. Le Maire said Mr. Malpass was “a good candidate” adding that “the good candidate needs to support the poorest countries and must participate in the fight against global warming.” The Trump administration has faced concerns over its lack of support for international efforts to combat climate change and reduce carbon emissions. Most prominently, Mr. Trump withdrew the U.S. from the 2015 Paris climate treaty. But Mr. Malpass said he was committed to ensuring the bank remained a leader at incorporating environmental standards into its projects and that it would honor its current obligations to climate projects.

 

https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-nominee-malpass-selected-as-next-world-bank-president-11554482367?mod=rsswn

Anonymous ID: 1d31e8 April 7, 2019, 7:32 p.m. No.6091578   🗄️.is 🔗kun

Beijing’s Fight for the Final Frontier

U.S. commercial space efforts are being undercut by aggressive Chinese plans.

 

While the eyes of the world were focused on China’s Chang’e 4 lunar lander this January, Beijing was also quietly establishing a beachhead in America’s booming commercial space sector. Chinese attempts to steal U.S. space tech go back to the space shuttle, but their systematic efforts to infiltrate California’s commercial space firms beat anything I’ve seen in my 17 years of researching the new space industries. Attending a recent launch at Vandenberg Air Force Base, I asked a highly regarded new space executive if he had noticed China’s predatory behavior. He looked straight at me and said, “Absolutely. We could lose this industry in 18 to 36 months.” This industry leader and others have shared their fear that the United States is handing another promising industry and its latest technological jewel over to its most dangerous global adversary. They have done so privately and asked for anonymity because they are afraid of being identified by venture capital firms they believe are increasingly beholden to Chinese partners. If this continues, tens of thousands of space careers may go the way of American PC, semiconductor, telecom, and solar manufacturing jobs.

 

U.S. President Donald Trump has declared that, “It is not enough to have an American presence in space—we must have American dominance in space.” At this moment in history, that dominance is America’s to lose. Its military space capabilities are peerless. NASA’s robotic craft have explored the entire solar system from Mercury to Ultima Thule, and the agency will launch its fifth Mars rover next year. The next few years will see the deployment of no less than five new U.S. orbital and suborbital human-rated spacecraft, four of them commercial. It’s hard to overstate the activity in the U.S. commercial space world today. Just down the road from my office in Los Angeles there’s Elon Musk’s SpaceX as well as a bevy of advanced small launch firms including Virgin Orbit (in Long Beach), Rocket Lab (Huntington Beach), and Relativity Space (El Segundo). These firms, several of them with foreign principals, have chosen to place their headquarters and manufacturing in the United States. They provide thousands of high-paying jobs for engineers, machinists, accountants, and support staff. There are also hundreds of U.S. satellite and space data firms receiving angel and venture-capital funding. According to Space Angels, $18 billion has been invested in entrepreneurial space firms by 534 companies. The value of successful space start-up exits also reached $40 billion. Bank of America predicts that the space economy will reach $2.7 trillion in 30 years.

 

The Trump administration is well aware of the commercial and international factors in the space dominance equation. The 2017 First Space Policy Directive requires the government to “Lead an innovative and sustainable program of exploration with commercial and international partners to enable human expansion across the solar system and to bring back to Earth new knowledge and opportunities.” Vice President Mike Pence speaks regularly on this topic. The United States should welcome genuine space competitors from Japan, Israel, the United Kingdom, and other free nations. However, nominally commercial efforts from China are very concerning. They are often pawns in a wider government push by Beijing to dominate space, with the encouragement of President Xi Jinping. It is no surprise when nations favor their national space champions, but when Beijing’s frames state-backed firms using military technology as private enterprises, it should be concerning.

 

https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/04/02/beijing-is-taking-the-final-frontier-space-china/