Anonymous ID: 2b39d7 May 23, 2019, 9:38 a.m. No.6567223   ๐Ÿ—„๏ธ.is ๐Ÿ”—kun   >>7246

"In an anthropological spirit, then, I propose the following definition of the nation: it is an imagined political community - - and imagined as both inherently limited and sovereign.

 

"It is imagined because the members of even the smallest nation will never know most of their fellow-members, meet them, or even hear of them, yet in the minds of each lives the image of their communion. Renan referred to this imagining in his suavely back-handed way when he wrote that 'Or lโ€™essence d'une nation est que tons les individus aient beaucoup de choses en commun, et aussi que tous aient oubliรฉ bien des choses.โ€ With a certain ferocity Gellner makes a comparable point when he rules that 'Nationalism is not the awakening of nations to self-consciousness: it invents nations where they do not exist.' The drawback to this formulation, however, is that Gellner is so anxious to show that nationalism masquerades under false pretences that he assimilates 'invention' to 'fabrication' and 'falsity', rather than to 'imagining' and 'creation'. In this way he implies that 'true' communities exist which can be advantageously juxtaposed to nations. In fact, all communities larger than primordial villages of face-to-face contact (and perhaps even these) are imagined. Communities are to be distinguished, not by their falsity/genuineness, but by the style in which they are imagined. Javanese villagers have always known that they are connected to people they have never seen, but these ties were once imagined particularistically-as indefinitely stretchable nets of kinship and clientship. Until quite recently, the Javanese language had no word meaning the abstraction 'society.' We may today think of the French aristocracy of the ancien rรฉgime as a class; but surely it was imagined this way only very late. To the question 'Who is the โ€˜Comte de X?โ€™ the normal answer would have been, not 'a member of the aristocracy,' but 'the lord of X, 'the uncle of the Baronne de Y,'or 'a client of the Duc de Z.'

 

"The nation is imagined as limited because even the largest of them encompassing perhaps a billion living human beings, has finite, if elastic boundaries, beyond which lie other nations. No nation imagines itself coterminous with mankind. The most messianic nationalists do not dream of a day when all the members of the human race will join their nation in the way that it was possible, in certain epochs, for, say, Christians to dream of a wholly Christian planet.

 

"It is imagined as sovereign because the concept was born in an age in which Enlightenment and Revolution were destorying the legitamcy of the divinely-ordained, hierarchical dynastic realm. Coming to maturity at a stage of human history when even the most devout adherents of any universal religion were inescapably confronted with the living pluralism of such religions, and the allomorphism between each faith's ontological claims and territorial stretch, nations dream of being free, and, if under God, directly so. The gage and emblem of this freedom is the sovereign state.

 

"Finally, it is imagined as a community, because, regardless of the actual inequality and exploitation that may prevail in each, the nation is always conceived as a deep, horizontal comradeship. Ultimately it is this fraternity that makes it possible, over the past two centuries, for so many millions of people, not so much to kill, as willingly to die for such limited imaginings.

 

"These deaths bring us abruptly face to face with the central problem posed by nationalism: what makes the shrunken imaginings of recent history (scarcely more than two centuries) generate such colossal sacrifices? I believe that the beginnings of an answer lie in the cultural roots of nationalism."

 

Benedict Anderson

Anonymous ID: 2b39d7 May 23, 2019, 10:08 a.m. No.6567432   ๐Ÿ—„๏ธ.is ๐Ÿ”—kun   >>7462

>>6567283

Case Studies

PRESIDENTIAL PUBLIC OPINION

A foreign government hired Crowds on Demand to help generate a positive reception for its newly elected leader during the UN General Assembly. The concern was ensuring that the leader was well received by a US audience and confident for his work at the UN. We created demonstrations of support with diverse crowds. We also used the media primarily local and national outlets to bring more attention to these demonstrations which led to a mostly positive portrayal. The crowds that we deployed drew in more supporters creating a strong presence for this leader at the UN and an improved perception of him by the American public.

Anonymous ID: 2b39d7 May 23, 2019, 10:29 a.m. No.6567587   ๐Ÿ—„๏ธ.is ๐Ÿ”—kun

>>6567296

I know you already know this, but they don't have the answers to any of these questions.

Oil is not decayed dinosaurs.

The sun is neither a ball of fire nor a fission/fusion reactor.

Oil fields are being replenished faster than they are being drilled out.

There is way too much helium in radioactive materials for any of their nonsense aging claims to be valid. Helium diffusion is a far more reliable indicator of "age" than is radioactive decay.

Such collisions of particles are known; C14 is really just nitrogen that has been hit by neutrons.

There was a wunderkind that wrote a paper on the "missing helium" many years ago.