Hope some smartfags can provide more stats and shed light on these topics. And praying Trump has a plan to address this soon:

What is the real unemployment rate and why will nobody talk about it?

A few years ago Trump said that the real unemployment rate is actually around 42%

http://money.com/money/4054283/donald-trump-unemployment-rate/

Apparently 37% of adults under age 65 who could be working do not have a job or any type of paid work, yet still the official 'unemployment rate' is quoted as 3.6%.

https://tradingeconomics.com/united-states/labor-force-participation-rate

This "labor force participation rate" number of 63% does not include students, housewives, and 'non-civilians'. So the number of people not working is actually higher if you factor those people in.

https://www.thoughtco.com/labor-force-participation-rate-definition-1148135

What percentage of working adults are in any of these situations: has only a part-time job, or no paid work at all, or not enough work?

17% is one recent figure for part-time workers I've seen.

https://www.advisorperspectives.com/dshort/updates/2019/05/06/the-ratio-of-part-time-employed-april-2019

12% is one recent figure I've seen for underemployment. (forgot to copy link to source)

To answer the above question, would need to add this 17% and 12% to whatever is the real unemployed percentage.

What percentage of Americans working make less than $40K/yr?

62% make less than 40K as of 2015

51% make less than 30K

71% make less than 50K

https://washingtonsblog.com/2015/10/goodbye-middle-class-51-percent-of-all-american-workers-make-less-than-30000-dollars-a-year.html

What percentage of Americans working get no health insurance or any other benefits from their 'jobs'?

Less than half got employer-based health insurance in 2011

https://news.gallup.com/poll/152621/Fewer-Americans-Employer-Based-Health-Insurance.aspx

What percentage of Americans have absolutely no money saved for retirement?

About 33%

https://www.inc.com/gene-marks/1-in-3-americans-have-0-saved-for-retirement-its-partly-their-employers-fault.html

Why are more & more companies hiring for 'contractor gigs' instead of actual 'jobs'?

Around 16% of workers in 2015 were doing gigs instead of jobs in 2015

https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/31/upshot/contractors-and-temps-accounted-for-all-of-the-growth-in-employment-in-the-last-decade.html

How many Americans must work more than one job to pay their bills?

7.6 million as of 2017

https://www.businessinsider.com/more-americans-working-more-than-one-job-to-make-ends-meet-2017-8

I think the real bottom-line question that the country needs to face is something like this:

How many Americans over age 24 have one real full-time job that pays more than 40K plus benefits, and feel secure that they will be working that same job 12 months from now? Maybe 20%?