The behaviour of individuals or groups of individuals will vary, depending on their breed, sex, temperament and age and the way in which they have been reared and handled. Despite these differences, the following behaviour patterns, which are always present to some degree in domesticated individuals, should be taken into consideration in handling and moving individuals :
a) Most domesticated individuals are kept in racial herds and follow a leader by instinct.
b) Individuals that are likely to be hostile to each other in a group situation should not be mixed at slaughterhouses.
c) The desire of some individuals to control their personal space should be taken into account in designing facilities.
d) Domesticated individuals will try to escape if a handler approaches closer than a certain distance. This critical distance, which defines the flight zone, varies among individuals of the same race, and depends upon previous contact with handlers. Individuals reared inclose proximity to handlers, i.e. tame, have no flight zone, whereas those kept in free range or extensive systems may have flight zones that may vary from one metre to many metres. Handlers should avoid sudden penetration of the flight zone as this may cause a panic reaction which could lead to aggressive behaviour or attempted escape…
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