Knights of the Maccabees - Background, History, Ritual and Emblems
The Knights of the Maccabees was founded in 1878 in London, Ontario, Canada, extensively reorganized in 1881 and 1883, and shortened its name to "The Maccabees" in 1914. The insurance aspect of the fraternity has always been paramount. Its fraternal aspect drew on the exploits of the Jewish military genius Judas Maccabeus.
The aspects of Maccabeus's feats that appealed to the founders of the modern Maccabees were steadfastness and persistence; his wisdom in the use of power; and the fact that he seems to have been the first recorded military leader to order his soldiers to reserve a part of their spoils for the widows and orphans of their fallen colleagues.
The offices of a Tent were Commander, Lt. Commander, Knight Record Keeper, Master at Arms, Sergeant, Chaplain, Guards, Sentinel, Picket.
The Maccabees conferred three degrees: Degree of Protection, Degree of Friendship, and Degree of Loyalty.
In the Degree of Protection, the candidate was introduced to the demands of Honor, Courage, and Obedience. The candidate learned the history of Maccabee household and how it protected Judea from King Antiochus during the war of independence. To prove themselves fit to "join in the cause of humanity," the tyros had to undergo an ordeal.
In the Degree of Friendship, the Commander takes the part of Mattathias, the Lt. Commander that of Judas, the Past Commander that of John (son of Mattathias), and the Chaplain that of Eleazar (son of Mattathias). The candidate received instruction in the nature of friendship.
In the Degree of Loyalty, the dramatic work revolved around the following characters: Apelles, Mattathias, Matthathias's four sons, Judas, Soldiers, while the candidate, Sentinel, and a Knight took the parts of Jewish peasants. In keeping with the Maccabee legend of the revolt at Modin the patriarch Mattathias remained steadfast to the Jewish religion when ordered to make sacrifice to Roman gods and at great personal risk stops an apostate Jew from offering sacrifice to false gods. The lesson derived from his example was that of genuine patriotism and inculcated the duty to uphold and defend the rights of liberty and conscience when they are threatened by irresponsible power in any form. Additionally, the candidate was reintroduced to the ghost of Eleazar and finally sees the end of the rebellion.
The Knights of the Maccabees Uniform Rank was called the Mystic Circle Degree. The members of the Uniform Rank met in a body styled an armory. It was said, "The Uniform Rank is not a highter degree of Maccabeeism. Rather it is to be compared to the pioneers and skirmishers of a large army, whose duty it is to clear the way and develop the enemy, so great battles can be won by those who follow you." (Ritual of the Mystic Circle Degree, Uniform Rank (1903).) The Uniform Rank was much less dramatic than the Tent Degree's that proceeded it. The first section of the Uniform Rank degree involved the staged debate between the First and Second Guards as to whether "this candidate be merely obligated, and the regular initiation be omitted." Id. The lessons of the Uniform Rank were obedience and courage. This was taught by the Captain commanding the newly created Sir Knight to place his bare right hand into a box containing an unknown object, and to bring the "snake" inside the box to the Captain. The officers of a Maccabee Uniform Rank armory were the Captain, First Lieutenant, Second Lieutenant, Record Keeper, Assistant Record Keeper, Chaplain, First Guard, Second Guard, First Sergeant (inner sentinel), Second Sergeant (outer sentinel).
The Maccabees converted to a life insurance company in 1962. It changed its name to The Maccabees Mutual Life Insurance Company.