The corn is high as a Hierophant's eye
1846:English Corn Laws repealed ["corn" in England means hard cereal grain in general]
As the old land-owning aristocratic elite fought to protect its economic foundations it supported tariff measures that allowed them a near monopoly to sell their agricultural product at prices higher than world-trade prices. These laws restricted import and export of cereal grain
to the advantage of elite landowners,
to the disadvantage of the "consuming public", and
with no advantage to rural laborers
After long stubborn struggle, the liberal "Anti-Corn-Law League" prevailed [pix]
Old feudal/agrarian England was now nearly completely transformed into modern industrial England
The old agricultural economy and all the social-economic relations that grew up to support it (e.g., aristocratic squires and the agricultural tenants on their lands) were being absorbed into the general market economy
Nothing more dramatically than this illustrates the reason technical innovations in machine manufacturing caused broad revolutionary change in human life
Traditional agrarian ways withered away, greatly traumatizing some and greatly benefiting others
Should we be tempted to say that England was being "Westernized"?
This dramatic, long-term struggle underscored one of the most profound changes caused by industrialization =
Most urbanized manufacturing economies, with burgeoning new populations clustered around factory workplaces, could no longer feed themselves from within national borders
World trade in grain was becoming a necessity like never before
1845+: Ireland in these years suffered failed harvests as a result of fungal growth on potato crops
Irish workers suffered deadly famine
About a million died, and another million set sail for the new world
Liberals in parliament did very little to aid Ireland, in harmony with the same "hands-off" or free-market principles that had guided them in the struggle against the corn laws