Sovereign Finance 101.
The Centuries-Old Debt That's Still Paying Interest (see embedded video).
Ed Seykota on Inflation and Debt (circa 1989) for context:
What is your long-term outlook for inflation, the dollar, and gold?
Inflation is part of the way societies sweep away the old order. All currencies eventually get debased—like it or not. Compute one penny invested at the time of Christ, compounded at 3 percent per year. Then consider why nobody has anywhere near that amount these days.
Gold tends to be dug up, refined, and then buried again. The geographical entropy of all gold on the planet seems to decrease over time. A lot has been collected in vaults. I project the trend as one toward a central world gold stash.