http://www.vaticanobservatory.va/content/specolavaticana/en/science–religion–society/visiting-the-observatory.html
trojan goats
>goats
Cocytus /koʊˈsaɪtəs/ or Kokytos /koʊˈkaɪtəs/ (Ancient Greek: Κωκυτός, literally "lamentation") is a river in the underworld in Greek mythology.[1] Cocytus flows into the river Acheron, on the other side of which lies Hades, The Underworld, the mythological abode of the dead. There are five rivers encircling Hades: the Styx, Phlegethon, Lethe, Acheron and Cocytus.
The Cocytus river was one of the rivers that surrounded Hades. Cocytus, along with the other rivers related to the underworld, was a common topic for ancient authors. Of the ancient authors, Cocytus was mentioned by Virgil, Homer, Cicero, Aeschylus, Apuleius and Plato, among others.[2]
Cocytus also makes an appearance in John Milton's epic poem Paradise Lost. In Book Two, Milton speaks of "Cocytus, named of lamentation loud / Heard on the rueful stream".[3]
It is also mentioned in William Shakespeare's Titus Andronicus and in Rick Riordan's The House of Hades.
Cocytus also appears in Friedrich Schiller's poem "Gruppe aus dem Tartarus": …Hohl sind ihre Augen—ihre Blicke/ Spähen bang nach des Cocytus Brücke… (…Hollow are their eyes, their looks / Peering anxiously to the bridge of Cocytus…)
The river is also mentioned in Rafael Sabatini's novel Captain Blood: His Odyssey, when Colonel Bishop's nemesis, Peter Blood, addresses him as follows: "And now, ye greasy hangman, step out as brisk and lively as ye can, and behave as naturally as ye may, or it's the black stream of Cocytus ye'll be contemplating."[4]
In Inferno, the first cantica of Dante's Divine Comedy, Cocytus is the ninth and lowest circle of The Underworld. Dante and Virgil are placed there by the giant Antaeus. There are other Giants around the rim that are chained; however Antaeus is unchained as he died before the Gigantomachy. Cocytus is referred to as a frozen lake rather than a river, although it originates from the same source as the other infernal rivers, the tears of a statue called The Old Man of Crete which represents the sins of humanity. Dante describes Cocytus as being the home of traitors and those who committed acts of complex fraud. Depending on the form of their treachery, inhabitants are buried in ice to a varying degree, anywhere from neck-high to completely submerged in ice. Cocytus is divided into four descending "rounds", or sections:
Caina, after the Biblical Cain; traitors to blood relatives.
Antenora, after Antenor from the Iliad; traitors to country.
Ptolomea, after Ptolemy, governor of Jericho, who murdered his guests (1 Maccabees); traitors to guests. Here it is said that sometimes the soul of a traitor falls to Hell before Atropos cuts the thread, and their body is taken over by a fiend.
Judecca, after Judas Iscariot; traitors to masters and benefactors.
Dante's Satan is at the center of the circle buried waist-high in ice. He is depicted with three faces and mouths. The central mouth gnaws Judas. Judas is chewed head foremost with his feet protruding and Satan's claws tearing his back while those gnawed in the side mouths, Brutus and Cassius, leading assassins of Julius Caesar, are both chewed feet foremost with their heads protruding. Under each chin Satan flaps a pair of wings, which only serve to increase the cold winds in Cocytus and further imprison him and other traitors. Dante and his guide Virgil proceed then to climb down Satan's back and then upwards towards Purgatory, though Dante is at first confused at their turning round, but Virgil explains it is due to the change in forces as they pass through the centre of the Earth.
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Cocytus" . Encyclopædia Britannica. 6 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 631–632.
^ "KOKYTOS". Theoi Project. Retrieved 2009-12-08.
^ Milton, John (2005). Paradise Lost. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. p. 591.
^ Sabatini, Rafael (1932). Captain Blood: His Odyssey. London: Hutchinson and Co., Ltd. p. 499., in the partly collected works Romances of the Sea.
THE RIVER-GOD COCYTUS
Cicero, De Natura Deorum 3. 17 (trans. Rackham) (Roman rhetorician C1st B.C.) :
"Orcus [Haides] is also a god; and the fabled streams of the lower world, Acheron, Cocytus and Pyriphlegethon, and also Charon and also Cerberus are to be deemed gods. No, you say, we must draw the line at that; well then, Orcus is not a god either."
Oppian, Halieutica 3. 485 (trans. Mair) (Greek poet C3rd A.D.) :
"Mint (Mintha), men say, was once a maid beneath the earth, a Nymphe of Kokytos (Cocytus), and she lay in the bed of Aidoneus [Haides]."
COCYTUS THE RIVER OF WAILING
Homer, Odyssey 10. 513 (trans. Shewring) (Greek epic C8th B.C.) :
"[Kirke (Circe) instructs Odysseus on the journey to the Underworld :] ‘Beach the vessel beside deep-eddying Okeanos (Oceanus) and pass on foot to the dank domains of Haides. At the entrance there, the stream of Akheron (Acheron) is joined by the waters of Pyriphlegethon and of a branch of Styx, Kokytos (Cocytus), and there is a rock where the two loud-roaring rivers meet.’"
Aeschylus, Agamemnon 1156 ff (trans. Weir Smyth) (Greek tragedy C5th B.C.) :
"[Kassandra (Cassandra) of Troy foretells herdeath :] ‘Skamandros (Scamander), my native stream! Upon your banks in bygone days, unhappy maid, was I nurtured with fostering care; but now by Kokytos (Cocytus) and the banks of Akheron (Acheron) (okhthai kakherousioi), I think, I soon must chant my prophecies.’"
Aeschylus, Seven Against Thebes 689 ff :
"Since God hastens the deed so urgently, let the whole race of Laios (Laeus) . . . be swept on the wind to Kokytos' (Cocytus) destined flood!"
Plato, Phaedo 112e ff (trans. Fowler) (Greek philosopher C4th B.C.) :
"[The] streams are many and great and of all sorts, but among the many are four streams, the greatest and outermost of which is that called Okeanos (Oceanus), which flows round in a circle, and opposite this, flowing in the opposite direction, is Akheron (Acheron), which flows through various desert places and, passing under the earth, comes to the Akherousian (Acherusian) Lake . . . The fourth river issues, it is said, first into a wild and awful place, which is all of a dark blue color, like lapis lazuli . . . Opposite this the fourth river issues, it is said, first into a wild and awful place, which is all of a dark blue color, like lapis lazuli. This is called the Stygios (Stygian River), and the lake which it forms by flowing in is the Styx. And when the river has flowed in here and has received fearful powers into its waters, it passes under the earth and, circling round in the direction opposed to that of Pyriphlegethon, it meets it coming from the other way in the Akherousian Lake. And the water of this river also mingles with no other water, but this also passes round in a circle and falls into Tartaros opposite Pyriphlegethon. And the name of this river, as the Poets say, is Kokytos (Cocytus). Such is the nature of these things.
Now when the dead have come to the place where each is led by his genius (daimon), first they are judged and sentenced . . . Those who are curable, but are found to have committed great sin . . . these must needs be thrown into Tartaros, and when they have been there a year the wave casts them out, the homicides by way of Kokytos, those who have outraged their parents by way of Pyriphlegethon. And when they have been brought by the current to the Akherousian Lake, they shout and cry out, calling to those whom they have slain or outraged, begging and beseeching them to be gracious and to let them come out into the lake; and if they prevail they come out and cease from their ills, but if not, they are borne away again to Tartaros and thence back into the rivers, and this goes on until they prevail upon those whom they have wronged; for this is the penalty imposed upon them by the judges."
Plato, Republic 387c (trans. Shorey) :
"If they [the youth] are to be brave, must we not extend our prescription to include also the sayings that will make them least likely to fear death? Or do you suppose that anyone could ever become brave who had that dread in his heart? . . . Then we must further taboo in these matters the entire vocabulary of terror and fear [associated with the afterlife], Kokytos (Cocytus) named of lamentation loud, abhorred Styx, the flood of deadly hate, the people of the infernal pit and of the charnel-house, and all other terms of this type, whose very names send a shudder through all the hearers every year."
Lycophron, Alexandra 697 ff (trans. Mair) (Greek poet C3rd B.C.) :
"The grove of Obrimo [i.e. the grove of Persephone near Avernus in Italy], Kore (Core, Maiden) who dwells beneath the earth, and Pyriphleges (the Fiery Stream), where the difficult Polydegmon hill [in Italy] stretches its head to the sky . . . and the lake Aornos [Lake Avernus near Cumae] rounded with a noose and the waters of Kokytos (Cocytus) wild and dark, stream of black Styx, where Termeios [Zeus] made the seat of the oath-swearing for the immortals, drawing the water in golden basins for libations, when he was about to go against the Gigantes (Giants) and Titanes–he [Odysseus] shall offer up a gift to Daeira [Persephone] and her consort, fastening his helmet to the head of a pillar."
Pausanias, Description of Greece 1. 17. 4 (trans. Jones) (Greek travelogue C2nd A.D.) :
"Among the sights of Thesprotia [region of north-eastern Greece] . . . near Kikhyros (Cichyrus) is a lake called Acherousia (Acherusia), and a river called Akheron (Acheron). There is also Kokytos (Cocytus), a most unlovely stream. I believe it was because Homer had seen these places that he made bold to describe in his poems the regions of Haides, and gave to the rivers there the names of those in Thesprotia."
Virgil, Aeneid 6. 132 ff (trans. Day-Lewis) (Roman epic C1st B.C.) :
"[The Sibyl instructs Aeneas as they journey through the Underworld :] ‘Between there lies a forest, and darkly winds the river Cocytus round the place.’"
Virgil, Aeneid 6. 297 :
"[The Sibyl addresses Aeneas as they journey through the Underworld :] ‘From here [the entrance] is the road that leads to the dismal waters of Acheron. Here a whirlpool boils with mud and immense swirlings of water, spouting up all the slimy sand of Cocytus. A dreadful ferryman looks after the river crossing, Charon.’"
Virgil, Aeneid 6. 323 :
"[The Sibyl addresses Aeneas as they journey through the Underworld :] ‘What you see is the mere of Cocytus, the Stygian marsh by whose mystery even the gods, having sworn, are afraid to be forsworn. All this crown you see are the helpless ones, the unburied: that ferryman in Charon: the ones he conveys have had burial. None may be taken across from bank to awesome bank of that harsh-voiced river until his bones are laid to rest. Otherwise, he must haunt this place for a hundred years before he's allowed to revisit the longed-for stream at last.’"
Virgil, Georgics 3. 38 ff (trans. Fairclough) (Roman bucolic C1st B.C.) :
"The Furiae (Furies) [Erinyes] and the stern Cocytus stream, before the snaky bonds and ghastly wheel of Ixion, and the stone beyond the tricker's mastering [Sisyphus]."
Virgil, Georgics 4. 471 ff :
"From the lowest realms of Erebeus came the unsubstantial shades, the phantoms of those who lie in darkness . . . round them are the black ooze and unsightly reeds of Cocytus, the unlovely mere enchaining them with its sluggish water, and Styx holding them fast within this ninefold circles.”
Seneca, Hercules Furens 686 ff (trans. Miller) (Roman tragedy C1st A.D.) :
"[In the Underworld :] The foul pool of Cocytus' sluggish stream lies here; here the vulture, there the dole-bringing owl utters its cry, and the sad omen of the gruesome screech-owl sounds. The leaves shudder, black with gloomy foliage where sluggish Sopor (Sleep) [Hypnos] clings to the overhanging yew [along with various other Daimones]."
Seneca, Hercules Furens 868 ff :
"For all this throng which wanders up and down the earth's vast spaces shall go to the world of shades and shall set sail on Cocytus' lifeless stream." [N.B. Kokytos is here synonymous with the Akheron.]
Statius, Thebaid 1. 90 ff (trans. Mozley) (Roman epic C1st A.D.) :
"She [the Erinys Tisiphone] sat beside dismal Cocytus, and had loosed the snakes from her head and suffered them to lap the sulphurous waters."
Apuleius, The Golden Ass 6. 13 ff (trans. Walsh) (Roman novel C2nd A.D.) :
"[The Arcadian stream of the Styx] waters the marshes of the Styx and feeds the hoarse streams of the Cocytus."
Nonnus, Dionysiaca 17. 300 ff (trans. Rouse) (Greek epic C5th A.D.) :
"You will have river-water enough when you drink the fatal water of Akheron (Acheron). Your belly swells already with the bitter water of a murdering stream, and teems quick with Fate; but taste of Kokytos (Cocytus), and drink Lethe if you like, that you may forget Ares and the bloody steel."
Nonnus, Dionysiaca 44. 198 ff :
"She [one of the Erinyes] drew a stream from Kokytos (Cocytus) and water from Styx, and drenched Agaue's (Agave's) [mother of Pentheus] rooms with the infernal drops as if with a prophecy of tears and groaning for Thebes."
Suidas s.v. Kokytos (trans. Suda On Line) (Byzantine Greek Lexicon C10th A.D.) :
"River of Haides, Pyriphlegethon and Akheron (Acheron) and Kokytos (Cocytus); the first [so called] from burning (phlegein), the second from pains (ache) flowing into it, and the last from lamentations and dirges. And a dirge, kokytos, is an imitation of a voice of those mourning."
Suidas s.v. Kokytos :
"Kokytos (Cocytus) : Name of a river. Or a dirge; wailing, lamentation."
did the fake jew devils post their hogg fingercuffin gentrified homo doublethought over baby graves yet?
GREEK
Homer, The Odyssey - Greek Epic C8th B.C.
Aeschylus, Agamemnon - Greek Tragedy C5th B.C.
Aeschylus, Seven Against Thebes - Greek Tragedy C5th B.C.
Plato, Phaedo - Greek Philosophy C4th B.C.
Plato, Republic - Greek Philosophy C4th B.C.
Lycophron, Alexandra - Greek Poetry C3rd B.C.
Pausanias, Description of Greece - Greek Travelogue C2nd A.D.
Oppian, Halieutica - Greek Poetry C3rd A.D.
Nonnus, Dionysiaca - Greek Epic C5th A.D.
ROMAN
Virgil, Aeneid - Latin Epic C1st B.C.
Virgil, Georgics - Latin Bucolic C1st B.C.
Cicero, De Natura Deorum - Latin Rhetoric C1st B.C.
Seneca, Hercules Furens - Latin Tragedy C1st A.D.
Statius, Thebaid - Latin Epic C1st A.D.
Apuleius, The Golden Ass - Latin Novel C2nd A.D.
BYZANTINE
Suidas, The Suda - Byzantine Greek Lexicon C10th A.D.
BEER DIED
<BEER left behind a hell of a lot of stuff to daughter and sons who have no idea what to do with it.
It was the school of hard knocks and yes we were told many times how BEER had to walk for miles in a blizzard to get to school, so suck it up.
These words of encouragement, wisdom, and sometimes comfort, kept us in line, taught us the “school of hard knocks” and gave us something to pass down to our children.
BEER was a comic book aficionado, a pop-culture encyclopedia and always the most fun person at any party.
BEER had two basic philosophies regarding work “careers are for the unimaginative “and, “surround yourself with great people and stay the hell out of their way.”
BEER died knowing that Monty Python and the Holy Grail was the best movie ever. Bruce Springsteen best recording artist, Clint Eastwood the baddest man on the planet, and that chicks dig El Caminos.
BEER then goes on to say: “So anyway, I think I was a pretty nice guy, despite being a former punk and despite what some people would say about me. What did they know about me anyway?”
Because of BEER irrational fear that BEER family would throw BEER a golf-themed funeral despite BEER hatred for the sport, BEER family will hold a private, family only service free of any type of “theme.”
WHAT DO WE WANT?
PSYCHOPHANTS NEUROTIC SERIAL KILLER FELTCHER MEMES
WHEN DO WE WNAT IT?
PASSIVE AGGESSIVELY FROM FAKE JEW DEVILS
WHY DO WE WANT IT?
MUST GIB SHEKELS TO JEW PEEEPEEE TOUCHERS
>ROPE!
>LEATHER!
>SOAP!
>SOUP!
GAYLORD BACON IS LOCALLY SOURCED AND FREE RANGE JOOOOO FAG
>>7784898 (You)
>>7784898 (You)
>OMG
>ITS KILLIN SNEKS
>SUCH SYMBOLS
>~MOSSAD
>>7784898
>>7784898
>OMG
>ITS KILLIN SNEKS
>SUCH SYMBOLS
>~MOSSAD
>>7784910
>>7784898
>>7784883
>>7784870
>MAKE YUGOSLAVIA GREAT AGAIN
>>7784858
>MAKE YUGOSLAVIA GREAT AGAIN
>>7784853
>MAKE YUGOSLAVIA GREAT AGAIN
>>7784847
>CODE-WORD
>>7784826
>CODE-WORD
>>7784794
>114,000,000 NATIVE AMERICANS WERE GENOCIDED SO YOU COULD DOXX YOURSELF AND HUFF FARTS TO JEW CROUTON FABLES
>>7784803
>114,000,000 NATIVE AMERICANS WERE GENOCIDED SO YOU COULD DOXX YOURSELF AND HUFF FARTS TO JEW CROUTON FABLES
>>7784817
>114,000,000 NATIVE AMERICANS WERE GENOCIDED SO YOU COULD DOXX YOURSELF AND HUFF FARTS TO JEW CROUTON FABLES
>>7784738
>114,000,000 NATIVE AMERICANS WERE GENOCIDED SO YOU COULD DOXX YOURSELF AND HUFF FARTS TO JEW CROUTON FABLES
>>7784691
>114,000,000 NATIVE AMERICANS WERE GENOCIDED SO YOU COULD DOXX YOURSELF AND HUFF FARTS TO JEW CROUTON FABLES
>>7784684 <HIGHEST RANKING ANON
>>7784663
>MOAR PROOF THAT BILBO THERAPY WORKS FOR A HOMO JEW MEME ADDICTION
>>7784653
GREAT FILTERS TO NOT GET HYPNOTIZED BY THE NECROPHILIA FAPPERS
>>7784609 WOJACK CONNECTED
>>7784584 VOTE PEDRO
>>7784267 BEWBS!
poe tah toe
זה לא קשור לעבודה, אבל יש לי עזים למכירה, הן בקושי הומואים
它与工作无关，但我有山羊要出售，他们几乎不是同性恋
Это не связано с работой, но у меня есть козы на продажу, они вряд ли геи
Δεν σχετίζονται με την εργασία, αλλά έχω αιγών προς πώληση, είναι σχεδόν ομοφυλόφιλοι
일과 관련이 없지만 판매용 염소가 있으며 거의 게이입니다.
仕事とは関係ありませんが、売り物のヤギがあり、ほとんどすべてが同性愛者です。
Chan eil e co-cheangailte ri obair, ach tha gobhair agam airson an reic, cha mhòr gu bheil iad gèidh
Es hängt nicht mit der Arbeit zusammen, aber ich habe Ziegen zum Verkauf, sie sind kaum schwul
Það er ekki vinnutengt, en ég er með geitar til sölu, þær eru varla hommar