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"How could the US return to the Gold Standard?"
“25.”
What follows is the short and easily digestible explanation. But first, a very brief historical refresher (we are going to skip over a lot of relevant information and several different coinage acts in order to get straight to the point):
With the Coinage Act of 1792, America started off not with a true “gold standard” currency but a bi-metallic bullion standard of gold and silver currency (lasting until the Coinage Act of 1873, ushering in a true Gold Standard), defined as follows:
>Eagles, $10.00 face value, 247 4/8 grain (16.04 g) pure or 270 grain (17.5 g) standard gold
>Half Eagles, $5.00 face value, 123 6/8 grain (8.02 g) pure or 135 grain (8.75 g) standard gold
>Quarter Eagles , $2.50 face value , 61 7/8 grain (4.01 g) pure or 67 4/8 grain (4.37 g) standard gold
>Dollars or Units, $1.00 face value , 371 4/16 grain (24.1 g) pure or 416 grain (27.0 g) standard silver
>Half Dollars, $0.50 face value , 185 10/16 grain (12.0 g) pure or 208 grain (13.5 g) standard silver
>Quarter Dollars , $0.25 face value, 92 13/16 grain (6.01 g) pure or 104 grains (6.74 g) standard silver
>Disme (dime), $0.10 face value , 37 2/16 grain (2.41 g) pure or 41 3/5 grain (2.70 g) standard silver
>Half Disme, $0.05 face value, 18 9/16 grain (1.20 g) pure or 20 4/5 grain (1.35 g) standard silver
>Cents, $0.01 face value , 11 pennyweights (17.1 g) of copper
>Half Cents, $0.005, 5 1/2 pennyweights (8.55 g) of copper
The Act of 1792 also:
>Established a Silver-to-Gold ratio of 15:1
>Allowed persons to bring gold and silver bullion to the nearest mint to be coined free of charge or exchanged for exchanged immediately for an equivalent value of coin
>Gold coins were to be 11 parts pure gold to 1 part alloy, or .9167 gold
>Silver coins were to be 1485 parts pure silver to 179 parts alloy, or .8924 silver
>By calculation, 1 troy ounce (31.1g) of pure gold would be equivalent to about $19.39 (($10 / 16.04g) * 31.1g) .
>By calculation, 1 troy ounce of pure silver would be equivalent to $1.29 ($19.39 / 15).
The Coinage Act of 1849 increased the Silver-to-Gold ratio to 16:1 with the value of one troy ounce of pure gold increasing to $20.67. Thus one $10 Gold Eagle at the time, being 16.718g total weight and 0.900 fineness meant it contained exactly $10 of gold. The Act also introduced two new gold coins, the $20 Double Eagle at 0.9675 troy oz (30.0926 grams) fine gold, a composition of 90% gold and 10% copper alloy, having a total weight of 33.4362 grams (1.075 troy ounces) , and the $1 gold dollar at .04837 troy oz (1.5045 grams) fine gold, a composition of 90% gold and 10% copper, having a total weight of 1.672 grams (0.05375 troy ounces)