Anonymous ID: 67a431 Feb. 4, 2020, 5:03 a.m. No.8020362   🗄️.is 🔗kun

>>8020354

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimicrobial_properties_of_copper

Copper and its alloys (brasses, bronzes, cupronickel, copper-nickel-zinc, and others) are natural antimicrobial materials. Ancient civilizations exploited the antimicrobial properties of copper long before the concept of microbes became understood in the nineteenth century.[1][2] In addition to several copper medicinal preparations, it was also observed centuries ago that water contained in copper vessels or transported in copper conveyance systems was of better quality (i.e., no or little visible slime or biofouling formation) than water contained or transported in other materials.[citation needed]

 

The antimicrobial properties of copper are still under active investigation. Molecular mechanisms responsible for the antibacterial action of copper have been a subject of intensive research. Scientists are also actively demonstrating the intrinsic efficacy of copper alloy "touch surfaces" to destroy a wide range of microorganisms that threaten public health.

Anonymous ID: 67a431 Feb. 4, 2020, 5:07 a.m. No.8020374   🗄️.is 🔗kun

>>8020354

Antimicrobial efficacy of copper alloy touch surfaces

Main article: Antimicrobial copper-alloy touch surfaces

 

Copper alloy surfaces have intrinsic properties to destroy a wide range of microorganisms. In the interest of protecting public health, especially in healthcare environments with their susceptible patient populations, an abundance of peer-reviewed antimicrobial efficacy studies have been conducted in the past 10 years regarding copper's efficacy to destroy E. coli O157:H7, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus, Clostridium difficile, influenza A virus, adenovirus, and fungi.[23] Stainless steel was also investigated because it is an important surface material in today's healthcare environments. The studies cited here, plus others directed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, resulted in the 2008 registration of 274 different copper alloys as certified antimicrobial materials that have public health benefits.

E. coli

Main article: Escherichia coli

 

E. coli O157:H7 is a potent, highly infectious, ACDP (Advisory Committee on Dangerous Pathogens, UK) Hazard Group 3 foodborne and waterborne pathogen. The bacterium produces potent toxins that cause diarrhea, severe aches and nausea in infected persons. Symptoms of severe infections include hemolytic colitis (bloody diarrhea), hemolytic uremic syndrome (kidney disease), and death. E. coli O157:H7 has become a serious public health threat because of its increased incidence and because children up to 14 years of age, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals are at risk of incurring the most severe symptoms.

Efficacy on copper surfaces

 

Recent studies have shown that copper alloy surfaces kill E. coli O157:H7.[24][25] Over 99.9% of E. coli microbes are killed after just 1–2 hours on copper. On stainless steel surfaces, the microbes can survive for weeks.

 

Results of E. coli O157:H7 destruction on an alloy containing 99.9% copper (C11000) demonstrate that this pathogen is rapidly and almost completely killed (over 99.9% kill rate) within ninety minutes at room temperature (20 °C).[26] At chill temperatures (4 °C), over 99.9% of E. coli O157:H7 are killed within 270 minutes. E. coli O157:H7 destruction on several copper alloys containing 99%–100% copper (including C10200, C11000, C18080, and C19700) at room temperature begins within minutes.[25] At chilled temperatures, the inactivation process takes about an hour longer. No significant reduction in the amount of viable E. coli O157:H7 occurs on stainless steel after 270 minutes.

 

Studies have been conducted to examine the E. coli O157:H7 bactericidal efficacies on 25 different copper alloys to identify those alloys that provide the best combination of antimicrobial activity, corrosion/oxidation resistance, and fabrication properties.[25][27][28] Copper's antibacterial effect was found to be intrinsic in all of the copper alloys tested. As in previous studies,[29][30] no antibacterial properties were observed on stainless steel (UNS S30400). Also, in confirmation with earlier studies[29][30] the rate of drop-off of E. coli O157:H7 on the copper alloys is faster at room temperature than at chill temperature.

 

For the most part, the bacterial kill rate of copper alloys increased with increasing copper content of the alloy.[27][28] This is further evidence of copper's intrinsic antibacterial properties.

Anonymous ID: 67a431 Feb. 4, 2020, 5:12 a.m. No.8020393   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>0440

>>8020354

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