https://mlexmarketinsight.com/insights-center/editors-picks/anti-bribery-and-corruption/cross-jurisdiction/false-trade-invoicing-accounted-for-8-trillion-of-developing-worlds-trade-figures-over-10-years-study-says
The practice is called "trade misinvoicing." Although it can occur because of honest mistakes, it is often used intentionally to divert funds for malign purposes, GFI said.
"Trade misinvoicing is a well-established method of hiding illicit financial flows within the international commercial trade system, as well as evading and/or exploiting customs regimes," GFI said. "The report evidences that trade misinvoicing continues to be a major drain on domestic tax bases in developing countries."
Avoiding taxes or tariffs is a major motivation for misinvoicing trade goods, GFI said.
But the technique can be used to divert money secretly. If an importer overstates the amount that is being paid for a good. In this case the legitimate amount goes to the exporter selling the product, and the remainder is deposited in an offshore account.
The GFI estimate of $8.8 trillion in trade misinvoicing is only part of a bigger picture of malign financial activity in world trade. For instance, another manipulation of international trade occurs when exporters and importers collude to falsify customs records to show higher or lower values for the goods delivered.