Anonymous ID: d1c107 March 19, 2020, 8:59 a.m. No.8475774   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>5800 >>6181 >>6403

Quinine is an alkaloid derived from the bark of the cinchona tree. It is used as an antimalarial drug, and is the active ingredient in extracts of the cinchona that have been used for that purpose since before 1633. Quinine is also a mild antipyretic and analgesic and has been used in common cold preparations for that purpose.

Anonymous ID: d1c107 March 19, 2020, 9 a.m. No.8475800   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>5826 >>6181 >>6403

>>8475774

The bark of Remijia contains 0.5–2% of quinine. The bark is cheaper than bark of Cinchona. As it has an intense taste, it is used for making tonic water.[63]

 

Cinchona (pronounced /sɪŋˈkoʊnə/ or /sɪnˈtʃoʊnə/[1]) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae containing at least 23 species of trees and shrubs. All are native to the tropical Andean forests of western South America. A few species are reportedly naturalized in Central America, Jamaica, French Polynesia, Sulawesi, Saint Helena in the South Atlantic, and São Tomé and Príncipe off the coast of tropical Africa, and others have been cultivated in India and Java, where they have formed hybrids.

Cinchona has been historically sought after for its medicinal value, as the bark of several species yields quinine and other alkaloids that were the only effective treatments against malaria during the height of European colonialism, which made them of great economic and political importance. Carl Linnaeus named the genus in 1742 based on a claim that the plant had cured the wife of the Count of Chinchón, a Spanish viceroy in Lima, in the 1630s, though the veracity of this story has been refuted. The curative properties of cinchona were known much earlier. The history of the plants and the identification of the precise origins of their various extracts and medicinal uses are still disputed; though certain fever cures from South America known as Jesuit's bark and Jesuit's powder have been traced to Cinchona, there is also evidence of ingredients derived from other species such as Myroxylon. Linnaeus used the Italian spelling Cinchona, but the name Chinchón (pronounced [tʃinˈtʃon] in Spanish) led to Clements Markham and others proposing a correction of the spelling to Chinchona, and some prefer the pronunciation /tʃɪnˈtʃoʊnə/ for the common name of the plant.

Anonymous ID: d1c107 March 19, 2020, 9:02 a.m. No.8475826   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>6181 >>6403

>>8475800

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Remijia

Scientific classification

Kingdom:

Plantae

(unranked):

Angiosperms

(unranked):

Eudicots

(unranked):

Asterids

Order:

Gentianales

Family:

Rubiaceae

Tribe:

Cinchoneae

Genus:

Remijia

DC.

Species

45 species; see text

Remijia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. Within the family, it is a member of the subfamily Cinchonoideae and the tribe Cinchoneae.

There are about 36 species in Remijia.[1] They are native to Peru and Brazil. Some of the species have hollow stems that harbor ants.[2]

The bark of Remijia contains 0.5%–2% of quinine, a chemical substance often used as a medicinal drug and flavour additive in alcoholic beverages. It is cheaper than the bark of Cinchona, another source of quinine. Because of its intense flavor, the bark of Remijia is used in making tonic water.[3]

No type species has ever been designated for Remijia. In 2005, two species were transferred from Remijia to a new genus, Ciliosemina.[4]