Anonymous ID: bd298b April 2, 2020, 7:38 a.m. No.8661027   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>1062 >>1106 >>1224 >>1579 >>1672 >>1726

>>8660919 (lb)

Jesuits = Doctors - Selling Cures

Quinine, an old anti-malarial drug in a modern world: role in the treatment of malaria

 

Quinine background and historical perspective

 

The discovery of quinine is considered the most serendipitous medical discovery of the 17th century [1] and malaria treatment with quinine marked the first successful use of a chemical compound to treat an infectious disease[2]. Quinine, as a component of the bark of the cinchona (quina-quina) tree, was used to treat malaria from as early as the 1600s, when it was referred to as the ''Jesuits' bark'' "cardinal's bark," or "sacred bark." These names stem from its use in 1630 by Jesuit missionaries in South America, though a legend suggests earlier use by the native population[2]. According to this legend, an Indian with a high fever was lost in an Andean jungle. Thirsty, he drank from a pool of stagnant water and found that it tasted bitter. Realizing that the water had been contaminated by the surrounding quina-quina trees he thought he was poisoned. Surprisingly, his fever soon abated, and he shared this accidental discovery with fellow villagers, who thereafter used extracts from the quina-quina bark to treat fever [3]. The legend of quinine's discovery accepted in Europe differs though, and involves the Spanish Countess of Chinchon who, while in Peru, contracted a fever that was cured by the bark of a tree. Returning to Spain with the bark, she introduced quinine to Europe in 1638 and, in 1742, botanist Carl Linnaeus called the tree "Cinchona" in her honour [4].

 

Before 1820, the bark of the cinchona tree was first dried, ground to a fine powder, and then mixed into a liquid (commonly wine) before being drunk. In 1820, quinine was extracted from the bark, isolated and named by Pierre Joseph Pelletier and Joseph Caventou. Purified quinine then replaced the bark as the standard treatment for malaria [5]. Quinine and other cinchona alkaloids including quinidine, cinchonine and cinchonidine are all effective against malaria. The efficacies of these four alkaloids were evaluated in one of the earliest clinical trials, conducted from 1866 to 1868 in 3600 patients using prepared sulfates of the alkaloids. With the main outcome measure of "cessation of febrile paroxysms", all four alkaloids were found to be comparable, with cure rates of >98%[6]. However, after 1890 quinine became the predominantly used alkaloid, mainly due to a change in supply from South American to Javan cinchona bark, which contained a higher proportion of quinine [7]. Quinine remained the mainstay of malaria treatment until the 1920s, when more effective synthetic anti-malarials became available. The most important of these drugs was chloroquine, which was extensively used, especially beginning in the 1940s [6]. With heavy use, chloroquine resistance developed slowly. Resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine was seen in parts of Southeast Asia and South America by the late 1950s, and was widespread in almost all areas with falciparum malaria by the 1980s. With increasing resistance to chloroquine, quinine again played a key role, particularly in the treatment of severe malaria [6].

 

https://malariajournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1475-2875-10-144

Anonymous ID: bd298b April 2, 2020, 7:48 a.m. No.8661080   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>1271

>>8661062

Thujone is what's in Artemisia. This is the cure they banned when they they banned authentic Absinthe. Artemesia is Wormwood. The new "star".

 

The recommended treatment for cerebral malaria is quinine by slow intravenous infusion.4 However, quinine has several drawbacks, including a short half-life, painful local reactions after intramuscular and intravenous administration5 and neurotoxicity.5,6 Permanent blindness with standard doses of quinine has been well documented.6 Furthermore, decreasing sensitivity to quinine has been reported in south-eastern Asia and the Amazon region,7 as well as in parts of Africa.8

 

Artemisinin derivatives, a relatively new group of antimalarials that produce a very rapid therapeutic response and are effective against multidrugresistant P. falciparum, have been used increasingly over the past decade.9 Although resistance to artimisinin derivatives has been reported along the Thai–Cambodian border,10 it has not been detected anywhere else.9 The neurotoxic effects of artemisinin derivatives have been observed in pre-clinical animal studies at doses about 10 times higher than those used for human treatment,11 but no such toxic effects have been reported in humans.12

Anonymous ID: bd298b April 2, 2020, 7:55 a.m. No.8661128   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>1623

>>8661095

Maybe all that fucked up plastic surgery was not him, but all the clones?

 

Maybe real MJ dead for a long long time?

Easy to keep clones, raised in a controlled environment, under control.

 

When did MJ "change"

Change color?

Change face?

Change style?

Get creepy?

 

Remeber his face got "burnt" off while filming a Pepsi (evil) commercial?

 

(((They))) still made billions off his name

Anonymous ID: bd298b April 2, 2020, 8:31 a.m. No.8661439   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>1459 >>1579 >>1672 >>1685 >>1726

The USNS Comfort is fitted to care for babies in a PACU. Not, childbirthing rooms, a pediatric intensive care unit.

 

https://twitter.com/i/status/1245602293124231169

 

GEORGE

Flag of United States

@TheCollectiveQ

03/31/20 - http://GEORGE.NEWS

 

The hospital ship USNS Comfort (T-AH 20) prepares the post anesthesia care unit to admit patients in support of the nation’s COVID-19 response efforts. Comfort will serve as a referral hospital for non-COVID-19 patients…

1:30

1:41 AM · Apr 2, 2020·Twitter Web Client

 

https://twitter.com/i/status/1245602293124231169