Orchestrafag here.
Modern orchestras often play at 441 or 442 or even higher, for brilliance, and anyone who buys fixed pitch percussion instruments such as marimbas or glockenspiels has to specify what tuning they want the bars.
Generally speaking, as instrument technology got better and halls got larger, pitch references went up.
Before that, nothing was standardized, and instrument makers simply made entire sets of mutually tunable instruments. Trumpets from the next city over might not match at all.
THe older string instruments sound awesome because they were bigger bodied, had gut strings, and were under lower tension.