"What kind of space elevator is in the picture?"
Microwave propelled tether cable based lift. Whilst in 'theory' it could work, the differing speeds between base (earth revolutions) and geosynchronous orbit (freefall speed) would result in it hurling around like a mace and thus would see the cable 'curve', making it a dangerous hazard to orbiting spacecraft and satellites alike.
"How much money could we generate by building it? Enough to stop selling drugs and trafficking kids from war zones?"
Your original theory is to mine precious materials from deep space in order to finance construction, but aforementioned problem plus supply/demand would not solve this.
Ironically, renewable energy is the solution. The key is to get it so efficient it can be used for growing indoor crops, which in turn eliminates poverty and hunger.
As for achieving high orbit, consider pointing the railgun upwards, not forwards. I think the aliens have us beat with superconductive electromagnetic repulsion for takeoff/landing, however.
"Who was the mastermind of Operation Cyclone?"
Mastermind is vague. Head of CIA or head of the Taliban?
I'm guessing this attaches to 'Hussein with an AK47'. Taliban spread to Africa, did they not? Libya, Mali, Niger etc.