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There are a few timeline items that pertain to this. Here's the first.
May 22, 1990: Biological Weapons Anti-Terrorism Act of 1989 (BWATA) was passed into law by the 101st United States Congress. The Biological Weapons Anti-Terrorism Act of 1989 extended the scope of bio-warfare materials regulation to include private individuals and non-state organizations.
From the bill:
SEC. 2. PURPOSE AND INTENT.
(a) PURPOSE- The purpose of this Act is to–
(1) implement the Biological Weapons Convention, an international agreement unanimously ratified by the United States Senate in 1974 and signed by more than 100 other nations, including the Soviet Union; and
(2) protect the United States against the threat of biological terrorism.
(b) INTENT OF ACT- Nothing in this Act is intended to restrain or restrict peaceful scientific research or development.
One of the initial results of the law was the difficulty it presented in obtaining successful criminal prosecutions. Intent to use biological agents as a weapon had to be proven by prosecutors, thus making a defense that the agents were for “peaceful purposes” plausible. In other words, all they have to do is fain “peaceful purposes,” and organizations can do whatever they want with their research. Sec. 2(2)(b) was their loophole.
https://uslaw.link/citation/us-law/public/101/298
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_Weapons_Anti-Terrorism_Act_of_1989