>>9343975

(Please read from the start)

“Agriculture and hunting

The Sumerians adopted an agricultural lifestyle perhaps as early as c. 5000 BC – 4500 BC. The region demonstrated a number of core agricultural techniques, including organized irrigation, large-scale intensive cultivation of land, mono-cropping involving the use of plough agriculture, and the use of an agricultural specialized labour force under bureaucratic control. The necessity to manage temple accounts with this organization led to the development of writing (c. 3500 BC).

In the early Sumerian Uruk period, the primitive pictograms suggest that sheep, goats, cattle, and pigs were domesticated. They used oxen as their primary beasts of burden and donkeys or equids as their primary transport animal and "woollen clothing as well as rugs were made from the wool or hair of the animals. … By the side of the house was an enclosed garden planted with trees and other plants; wheat and probably other cereals were sown in the fields, and the shaduf was already employed for the purpose of irrigation. Plants were also grown in pots or vases.

The Sumerians were one of the first known beer drinking societies. […]It was referenced in the Epic of Gilgamesh when Enkidu was introduced to the food and beer of Gilgamesh's people: "Drink the beer, as is the custom of the land… He drank the beer-seven jugs! and became expansive and sang with joy!”

The Sumerians practiced similar irrigation techniques as those used in Egypt.

Sumerian agriculture depended heavily on irrigation. The irrigation was accomplished by the use of shaduf, canals, channels, dykes, weirs, and reservoirs.”

“Architecture

The Tigris-Euphrates plain lacked minerals and trees. Sumerian structures were made of plano-convex mudbrick, not fixed with mortar or cement. Mud-brick buildings eventually deteriorate, so they were periodically destroyed, leveled, and rebuilt on the same spot. This constant rebuilding gradually raised the level of cities, which thus came to be elevated above the surrounding plain. The resultant hills, known as tells, are found throughout the ancient Near East.”

>> I believe this practice to be much older than the Sumerians. Some of the Tells in the Middle East are much older than the Sumerians. I believe this is due to the survivors moving from one settlement to another gradually; including some of them moving downstream Euphrates River – as stated before.

“Mathematics

The Sumerians developed a complex system of metrology c. 4000 BC. This advanced metrology resulted in the creation of arithmetic, geometry, and algebra. From c. 2600 BC onwards, the Sumerians wrote multiplication tables on clay tablets and dealt with geometrical exercises and division problems. The earliest traces of the Babylonian numerals also date back to this period.[79] The period c. 2700–2300 BC saw the first appearance of the abacus, and a table of successive columns which delimited the successive orders of magnitude of their sexagesimal number system.[80] The Sumerians were the first to use a place value numeral system. There is also anecdotal evidence the Sumerians may have used a type of slide rule in astronomical calculations. They were the first to find the area of a triangle and the volume of a cube.”

• Page 58 –

>>9364472

(Please read from the start)

“Economy and trade

Discoveries of obsidian from far-away locations in Anatolia and lapis lazuli from Badakhshan in northeastern Afghanistan, beads from Dilmun (modern Bahrain), and several seals inscribed with the Indus Valley script suggest a remarkably wide-ranging network of ancient trade centered on the Persian Gulf. For example, Imports to Ur came from many parts of the world. In particular, the metals of all types had to be imported.

The Epic of Gilgamesh refers to trade with far lands for goods, such as wood, that were scarce in Mesopotamia. In particular, cedar from Lebanon was prized. The finding of resin in the tomb of Queen Puabi at Ur, indicates it was traded from as far away as Mozambique.”

>> Some of the “foreign” artifacts found are proof that trade caravans came from the Anatolian Plateau, most probably using the navigation on the Euphrates River = Confirming my research findings. The only Cedar Forest to have existed in the region is in Lebanon. Please reread the Epic of Gilgamesh (starting page 36). Up till this day, Lebanon is still known as the Land of the Cedars. This is the reason the majestic tree was chosen to be placed on their flag as the national symbol for their country.

“Sumerian potters decorated pots with cedar oil paints. The potters used a bow drill to produce the fire needed for baking the pottery.”

>> The Land of the Cedars is far more ancient than what is admitted.

“Trade with the Indus valley

Evidence for imports from the Indus to Ur can be found from around 2350 BCE.[85] Various objects made with shell species that are characteristic of the Indus coast, particularly Trubinella Pyrum and Fasciolaria Trapezium, have been found in the archaeological sites of Mesopotamia dating from around 2500-2000 BCE.[86] Carnelian beads from the Indus were found in the Sumerian tombs of Ur, the Royal Cemetery at Ur, dating to 2600-2450.[87] In particular, carnelian beads with an etched design in white were probably imported from the Indus Valley, and made according to a technique of acid-etching developed by the Harappans. Lapis Lazuli was imported in great quantity by Egypt, and already used in many tombs of the Naqada II period (circa 3200 BCE). Lapis Lazuli probably originated in northern Afghanistan, as no other sources are known, and had to be transported across the Iranian plateau to Mesopotamia, and then Egypt.

Several Indus seals with Harappan script have also been found in Mesopotamia, particularly in Ur, Babylon and Kish.”

“Money and credit

Large institutions kept their accounts in barley and silver, often with a fixed rate between them.”

• Page 59 –

>>9364516

(Please read from the start)

“Military

The almost constant wars among the Sumerian city-states for 2000 years helped to develop the military technology and techniques of Sumer to a high level.[101] The first war recorded in any detail was between Lagash and Umma in c. 2525 BC on a stele called the Stele of the Vultures. It shows the king of Lagash leading a Sumerian army consisting mostly of infantry. The infantry carried spears, wore copper helmets, and carried rectangular shields. The spearmen are shown arranged in what resembles the phalanx formation, which requires training and discipline; this implies that the Sumerians may have made use of professional soldiers.”

(For those interested, more info about the stele: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stele_of_the_Vultures)

“Technology

Examples of Sumerian technology include: the wheel, cuneiform script, arithmetic and geometry, irrigation systems, Sumerian boats, lunisolar calendar, bronze, leather, saws, chisels, hammers, braces, bits, nails, pins, rings, hoes, axes, knives, lancepoints, arrowheads, swords, glue, daggers, waterskins, bags, harnesses, armor, quivers, war chariots, scabbards, boots, sandals, harpoons and beer. The Sumerians had three main types of boats:

• clinker-built sailboats stitched together with hair, featuring bitumen waterproofing

• skin boats constructed from animal skins and reeds

• wooden-oared ships, sometimes pulled upstream by people and animals walking along the nearby banks”

>> Amazing how the name Kuphar or Coracle is conveniently omitted when talking about the second type of boats.

“Legacy

The Sumerians were among the first astronomers, mapping the stars into sets of constellations, many of which survived in the zodiac and were also recognized by the ancient Greeks. They were also aware of the five planets that are easily visible to the naked eye.

They may have invented military formations and introduced the basic divisions between infantry, cavalry, and archers. They developed the first known codified legal and administrative systems, complete with courts, jails, and government records. The first true city-states arose in Sumer, roughly contemporaneously with similar entities in what are now Syria and Lebanon.”

• Page 60 –

>>9364541

(Please read from the start)

Before I move on, since we are talking about the Sumerians, let me mention this:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Out-of-place_artifact

“Sivatherium of Kish: An ornamental war chariot piece discovered in the Sumerian ruins of Kish, which is now in central Iraq, in 1928. The figurine, dated to the Early Dynastic I period (2800–2750 BCE), depicts a quadrupedal mammal with branched horns, a nose ring, and a rope tied to the ring. Because of the shape of the horns, Edwin Colbert identified it as a depiction of a late-surviving, possibly domesticated Sivatherium, a vaguely moose-like relative of the giraffe that lived in North Africa and India during the Pleistocene but was believed to have become extinct early in the Holocene extinction event. Henry Field and Berthold Laufer instead argued that it represented a captive Persian fallow deer and that the antlers had broken over the years. The missing antlers were found in the Field Museum's storeroom in 1977.”

This is referred to as an “Out-of-place-Artifact. I will be gradually going through most of them as I advance in the thread. Why is this statuette (dating back from around 2800-2750 BC) of an animal found in Kish is out of place? Maybe because the animal itself is thought to be extinct millions of years go.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sivatherium

“Sivatherium is an extinct genus of giraffids that ranged throughout Africa to the Indian subcontinent.”

“Sivatherium originated during the Late Miocene (around 7 ma) in Africa and survived through to the late Early Pleistocene (Calabrian).”

= From around 11.63 - 5.3 Million years AGO to around 2.58 - 1.8 Million years AGO. YES, you are reading correctly anons. This is unbelievable isn’t it anons? From what Main stream history has always told us, this animal is supposed to be extinct for millions of years and yet somehow, in some miracle way the Sumerians managed to make a statuette of it. How on earth did they know how it looked like?

Unless…..There is someone lying and hiding things from the rest of humanity. Unless…. Things are not EXACTLY as we were told they were.

And this is where I’m going to stop about this subject for NOW. I will get to it later on.

• Page 61 –