>>11187485

(Please read from the start)

La Centinela’s 2 temples are pyramidal in shape, so a quick look is in order and anons should take them in consideration when it comes into researching the pyramids worldwide.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Centinela

“La Centinela is an archaeological site in Peru which was an active administrative center during both the Inca and pre-Inca periods.

History

La Centinela was the Incan capital of the kingdom of the Chincha. It is "an unusual site in that it is one of the very few places where the Incas incorporated a major state installation into a preexisting, and still functioning, non-Inca capital."[1] In 1958, Dwight T. Wallace discovered a system of straight roads emanating from La Centinela, suggesting a highly centralized pre-Incan administration.

Site

La Centinela lies about 200 km south of Lima in the Chincha Valley and about 1 km away from the Pacific Ocean and is surrounded by irrigated agricultural land. This means that the residents of La Centinela exploited plant, animal and marine resources.

There are 11 well-defined pyramid structures and minor buildings constructed by adobe bricks. There are examples of adobe walls decorated using the technique of Champlevé.

A black and red on white geometric painting can be found within the principal Inca building.”

>> Not much information about La Centinela site: no measurements or any other type of description.

I’m attaching one last picture to this page about the Chincha geoglyphs. As anons can see, it seems they are done by removing the darker soil/debris/pebbles and aligning some dark stones, giving them a circular shape on this image. It’s like they doted the straight lines. Of course this ressembles the theory of how the Nazca lines were done. But what I’m doubting is the type of tools/method done or used to achieve such results. This is grand scale. It can be done manually when doing it on small scale, but this big, it needs perfect measurements.

I couldn’t find any better pictures or even aerial ones, it would have been interesting to see them from above. And I will end it here with the Chincha culture.

• Page 432 –

>>11208168

(Please read from the start)

I know a lot of “specialists” in many fields and researchers, including anons, have been trying to decode and understand the Nazca lines. So what I’m going to say next is, I hope, a way to help them in their task. I’ve said some of the things before, so I’m going to repeat myself on some parts. But I believe the anons reading this already understand what I have in mind.

I have no doubt that the geoglyphs from the Paracas, Nazca and Chincha lines are connected. I believe researchers and anons make a mistake when the study one on it’s own. I guess this is the main reason why this mystery wasn’t solved yet.

But in the same time, the study of the geoglyphs ALONE is incomplete because of the geographic approximity of the petroglyphs. To understand me better, I’ve attached a Buss itinerary map with this drop, please combine it with the map from page 420. The geoglyphs, the petroglyphs and the religious sites are all in one geographic area. This area is caracterized by a mountain chain that is parallel to a (more or less) coastline and both parallel to the ocean. If anons look closely, this is the only “easy” travel route there is if you want to go from Lima to Cusco = a natural passage way. So what is now a buss itinerary was once a trade and travel route in the region. This is what connects all the sites together = now add the religious centers, the geglyphs and the petroglyphs. A rather big number of “ruins” is literally scattered everywhere on the slopes. I’ve taken a look with Google and I could clearly see the foundation of habitats in the near or medium vicinity of the geoglyphs + petroglyphs.

I want to point out that what I refered to as the “airplane runways” (air strips) in the Paracas is a common design with the Nazca culture (they looks like spear heads or arrows sometimes); as well as the spirals. If I’m not mistaking, the spirals are also present in the petroglyphs; which we have MANY sites of, not just the ones I’ve mentioned. They are everywhere in the area, but not well documented with little photographs, not much talked about too. All of this is also linked to astronomy, obviously which in turn in linked to the reglious centers we have in the region. I want to draw anons attention to the oracles….there are sites in the region that are confirmed to have oracles (while I’m suspecting others to have one). The art of divination is linked to the stars; also in this area to the hallucinogic plants mentioned previosuly in many pages.

Also the flattened mountain tops or what I rather called = “l’aménagement de terrain” that took place in the region shows not just advanced knowledge but also it betrays the use of some sort of technology. Can anyone accept the theory the mountain tops were flattened by hand labor = using shovels and buckets? And this is a bit, a point of difference, kinda, between the Paracas and the Nazca. The first one, most of the geoglyphs with designs were on mountain slops, while the “airfields” were on the mountain tops – narrow rims. While with the Nazca they flattened the mountain top and used HUGE flat terrain for most of their geoglyphs.

Pottery and textile, (the designs on them) can be linked to the lines. But I’m also suspecting the textiles to be used on the LINES = the geoglyphs; as in attach them on the designs via the stakes. I’m not confirming this and it’s not a fact, just a theory from me, a possibility. It needs to be verified, it might not be right at all.

One last idea = which culture comes before the other? I think we should reconsider the order of which culture came first, second and third. This is linked to who influenced who.

Anons researching this shouldn’t forget to organize the geoglyphs and petroglyphs into categories and to make comparison with the other petroglyphs worldwide. Well, I guess this sums it up about the geoglyphs, petroglyphs. I hope my suggestions will help researchers reading this to decode them. Just remember anons, CONTEXT is important, when you cannot solve something, ZOOM OUT and look at the region and connect it with the other dots in the region. It’s like what Qteam says about the 40 000 altitude view. When you get stuck, just zoom out or zoom in, depending on your case = CONTEXT.

Time to move on to the next cutlure.

• Page 433 –

>>11208288

(Please read from the start)

Now let’s take a quick look at the Cupisnique culture: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cupisnique

“Cupisnique was a pre-Columbian culture which flourished from ca. 1500 to 500 BC along what is now Peru's northern Pacific Coast. The culture had a distinctive style of adobe clay architecture but shared artistic styles and religious symbols with the later Chavin culture which arose in the same area at a later date.”

“The Cupisnique and the Chavin

The relationship between Chavin and Cupisnique is not well understood, and the names are sometimes used interchangeably. For instance, the scholar Alana Cordy-Collins treats as Cupisnique a culture lasting from 1000 – 200 BC, which are the dates some associate with the Chavin culture.[3] Izumi Shimada calls Cupisnique a possible ancestor of Mochica (Moche) culture with no mention of Chavin.[4] Anna C. Roosevelt refers to "the coastal manifestation of the Chavin Horizon …dominated by the Cupisnique style".

'Spider god' temple discovered

A Cupisnique adobe temple was discovered in 2008 in the Lambayeque valley in the area of the archaeological site of Ventarron. The newly discovered temple is very close to the Ventarron temple; this adjacent location is known as “Collud”.

This temple sheds some light on the connection between the Cupisnique and the Chavin because of shared iconography. In fact, some other related temples have also been discovered in the area recently.

The Chavin people who came after the Cupisnique built a temple adjacent to Collud about three hundred years later; this location is named "Zarpan".

All three temples are close together, and form a single archaeological site. There are also many shared elements between all three locations. For example, one common element is that of the Spider Creator god with his net. This motif appears to persevere from the 4,000-year-old temple of Ventarrón all the way to the Moche culture.

The temple found in 2008 also includes imagery of the "spider god", thought to be associated with rainfall, hunting and warfare. The spider god image combines a spider's neck and head, with the mouth of a large cat and the beak of a bird.

According to the team leader Walter Alva,

"Cupisnique and Chavin shared the same gods and the same architectural and artistic forms, showing intense religious interaction among the cultures of the Early Formative Period from the north coast to the Andes and down to the central Andes.”

>> Note = the SPIDER. Remember Teotituacan’s Great Goddess page 294?

• Page 434 –

>>11208301

(Please read from the start)

“The Cupisnique and the Moche

The reason the Moche and the Cupisnique are sometimes referred to interchangeably is due to their similarities in ceramic designs. The Moche were the most “vibrant” in incorporating the cupisnique society of the emerging cultures that had a base population of farming and fishing along with a middle and elite class.

The main connection between the Cupisnique and the Moche is the incorporation of the decapitation theme where there exists a decapitator and a decapitated character. In the Cupisnique society, “the decapitators appear in five supernatural guises: human, monster, bird, fish, and spider…” Moche decapitators are the same five plus two additional characters: the crab and the scorpion.”

>> So in total we have 7 of them = SEVEN. In this culture we have decapitation, not removing the heart like what we saw with the Aztecs.

“The Cupisnique people are sometimes spoken of as a cult due to two main reasons. The first reason being that there had been very “little direct evidence of their patterns of social organization, demography, or subsistence strategies”. The second reason being the buildings [are] embellished with painted, incised stucco relief work depicting surreal creatures”.

>> I wish I could have a look at those surrel creatures but I couldn’t find any image. Why? Because I wonder if they are similar to those on Teotihuacan murals and if they are also similar to the other surreal creatures we’ve seen so far in this thread.

“The Cupisnique seem to be deeply rooted by religion, which seemed to have influenced greatly into emerging character cultures such as the Salinar, Vicus, Gallinazo, and as mentioned the Moche culture.”

>> It’s clear now that all of these cultures have influence one another mostly due to the migration waves.

“Other Cupisnique sites

One of the most important Cupisnique sites was Caballo Muerto in the Moche Valley.

Archaeologists recently excavated the Cupisnique site of Limoncarro in the Guadalupe District, Pacasmayo, La Libertad Region of northern Peru coast. Two phases of construction were identified; among other things, animal faces indicating Cupisnique iconography were uncovered.

Kuntur Wasi is another site that was influenced by the Cupisnique culture.

[…]”

Some comments on the couple of artifacts I’ve attached to this page:

1 – It’s a dual snake. It’s seems the snakes/serpents are also present in the Cupisnique culture but it’s not clear if it’s a dual snake or just one. Almost no information about their religon apart the spider.

2 – It represents a face with “opposing duality”; as in one good and one bad. We’ve seen the duality concept with the Dogon culture (starting page 210).

• Page 435 –

>>11208322

(Please read from the start)

Next is the Moche culture: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moche_culture

“The Moche civilization (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈmotʃe]; alternatively, the Mochica culture or the Early, Pre- or Proto-Chimú) flourished in northern Peru with its capital near present-day Moche, Trujillo, Peru[1][2] from about 100 to 700 AD during the Regional Development Epoch. While this issue is the subject of some debate, many scholars contend that the Moche were not politically organized as a monolithic empire or state. Rather, they were likely a group of autonomous polities that shared a common culture, as seen in the rich iconography and monumental architecture that survives today.”

“Background

Moche society was agriculturally based, with a significant level of investment in the construction of a network of irrigation canals for the diversion of river water to supply their crops. Their culture was sophisticated; and their artifacts express their lives, with detailed scenes of hunting, fishing, fighting, sacrifice, sexual encounters and elaborate ceremonies. The Moche are particularly noted for their elaborately painted ceramics, gold work, monumental constructions (huacas) and irrigation systems.

Moche history may be broadly divided into three periods – the emergence of the Moche culture in Early Moche (100–300 AD), its expansion and fluorescence during Middle Moche (300–600 AD), and the urban nucleation and subsequent collapse in Late Moche (500–750 AD).

The Salinar culture reigned on the north coast of Peru in 200 BC–200 AD. According to some scholars, this was a short transition period between the Cupisnique and the Moche cultures.

There is considerable parallelism between Moche and Cupisnique iconography and ceramic designs, including the iconography of the 'Spider god'.

Moche cultural sphere

The Moche cultural sphere is centered on several valleys on the north coast of Peru in regions La Libertad, Lambayeque, Jequetepeque, Chicama, Moche, Virú, Chao, Santa, and Nepena[6] and occupied 250 miles of desert coastline and up to 50 miles inland.

The Huaca del Sol, a pyramidal adobe structure on the Rio Moche, was the largest pre-Columbian structure in Peru, but it was partly destroyed when Spanish Conquistadors looted its graves for gold in the 16th century. The nearby Huaca de la Luna is better preserved. Its interior walls contain many colorful murals with complex iconography. The site has been under professional archaeological excavation since the early 1990s.

Other major Moche sites include Sipan, Loma Negra, Dos Cabezas, Pacatnamu, the El Brujo complex, Mocollope, Cerro Mayal, Galindo, Huanchaco, and Pañamarka.

Their adobe huacas have been mostly destroyed by looters and natural forces over the last 1300 years. The surviving ones show that the coloring of their murals was very vibrant. Moche.”

>> From the pictures, it SEEMS like it’s a step pyramid, or even more it’s like the ziggurat design.

More pictures in the next page = the interior walls with colorful murals of the Huaca de la Luna – preserved in situ. Absolutly beautiful. The Spider is front and center.

• Page 436 –

>>11208367

(Please read from the start)

“Southern and Northern Moche

Two distinct regions of the Moche civilization have been identified, Southern and Northern Moche, with each area probably corresponding to a different political entity.

The Southern Moche region, believed to be the heartland of the culture, originally comprised the Chicama and Moche valleys, and was first described by Rafael Larco Hoyle.[8] The Huaca del Sol-Huaca de la Luna site was probably the capital of this region.

The Northern Moche region includes three valley systems:

• The upper Piura Valley, around the Vicús culture region

• The lower Lambayeque Valley system, consisting of three rivers: La Leche, Reque and Zaña

• The lower Jequetepeque Valley system

•

The Piura was fully part of the Moche phenomenon only for a short time—during its Early Moche, or Early Moche-Vicús phase—and then developed independently.

It appears that there was a lot of independent development among these various Moche centres (except the eastern regions). They all likely had ruling dynasties of their own, related to each other. Centralized control of the whole Moche area may have taken place from time to time, but appears infrequent.”

>> This is interesting because it sounds like we have the State-city system here, but it’s like the central power is more like supervising everything and/or a mediator, but a dominant role in governing.

“Pampa Grande, in the Lambayeque Valley, on the shore of the Chancay River, became one of the largest Moche sites anywhere, and occupied the area of more than 400 ha. It was prominent in the Moche V period (600–700 AD), and features an abundance of Moche V ceramics.

The site was laid out and built in a short period of time, and has an enormous ceremonial complex. It includes Huaca Fortaleza, which is the tallest ceremonial platform in Peru.

San Jose de Moro is another northern site in the Jequetepeque valley. It was prominent in the Middle and Late Moche Periods (400–850 AD). Numerous Moche tombs have been excavated here, including several burials containing high status female individuals. These women were depicted in Moche iconography as the Priestess.”

>> Here again, we have the smell of the King-Priest, or should I say Queen-Priestess system. It’s not said directly because it’s not yet fully confirmed yet, but these ladies with high social status depicted as priestresses in the iconography are super close to the King-Priest concept.

• Page 437 –