>>11101971

(Please read from the start)

“Most of the lines are formed on the ground by a shallow trench, with a depth between 10 and 15 cm (4 and 6 in). Such trenches were made by removing for a portion of the design, the reddish-brown, iron oxide-coated pebbles that cover the surface of the Nazca Desert. When this gravel is removed, the light-colored clay earth exposed in the bottom of the trench contrasts sharply in color and tone with the surrounding land surface, producing visible lines. This sub-layer contains high amounts of lime. With moisture from morning mist, it hardens to form a protective layer that shields the lines from winds, thereby preventing erosion.”

>> Ah! So this is how the lines escaped from the wrath of weather and wind erosions. So let me get this straight = According to Main Stream History, the Giza plateau pyramids which also have lime stone in them were subjected to heavy erosion, mostly the Great Sphinx and thus were heavily eroded, right? But the Nazca lines weren’t? How thick are the stone blocks in the pyramids and the Sphinx again? And how thick, “fragile” and “shallow” are the Nazca lines again? So Main Stream History is telling me that such “delicate” hand made lines are sturdier than big blocks made of the same material! Does anyone apart me think there is something wrong here? Both “structures” exist in aride and dry environment with little precipitation or barely any; but the lime stones “react” differently in similar conditions, depending on the site. Really!? What about the wind? And the way this page talk on how the lines were drawn….it makes it sound like kids can do it while having a blindfold on their eyes. Things don’t add up here. Is it THAT simple?

“The Nazca used this technique to "draw" several hundred simple, but huge, curvilinear animal and human figures. In total, the earthwork project is huge and complex: the area encompassing the lines is nearly 450 km2 (170 sq mi), and the largest figures can span nearly 370 m (1,200 ft). Some figures have been measured: the hummingbird is 93 m (305 ft) long, the condor is 134 m (440 ft), the monkey is 93 by 58 m (305 by 190 ft), and the spider is 47 m (154 ft). The extremely dry, windless, and constant climate of the Nazca region has preserved the lines well. This desert is one of the driest on Earth and maintains a temperature near 25 °C (77 °F) year round. The lack of wind has helped keep the lines uncovered and visible.

The discovery of two new small figures was announced in early 2011 by a Japanese team from Yamagata University. One of these resembles a human head and is dated to the early period of Nazca culture or earlier. The other, undated, is an animal. The team has been conducting fieldwork there since 2006, and by 2012 has found approximately 100 new geoglyphs. In March 2012, the university announced that it would open a new research center at the site in September 2012, related to a longterm project to study the area for the next 15 years.

A June 2019 article in Smithsonian magazine describes recent work by a multi-disciplinary team of Japanese researchers who identified/re-identified some of the birds depicted. They note that birds are the animals most frequently depicted in the Nasca geoglyphs. The team believes that some of the bird images that previous researchers assumed to be indigenous species more closely resemble exotic birds found in non-desert habitats. They speculated that "The reason exotic birds were depicted in the geoglyphs instead of indigenous birds is closely related to the purpose of the etching process.”

The discovery of 143 new geoglyphs on the Nasca Pampa and in the surrounding area was announced in 2019 by Yamagata University and IBM Japan. One of these was found by using machine-learning-based methods.”

>> So more than a 100 NEW geoglyphs were found during the last decade or so. I bet there is more and it seems the area they covered is wider than the known one.

I agree with the idea that these geoglyphs couldn’t be drawn without aerial assitance or having a bird view, sort of of speak. But I don’t agree it was done by a Hot Air Ballon as suggested by Mr. Jim Woodmann, in the second picture I’ve attached with this post. It’s the same CONCEPT as the layout of the Giza plateau pyramids and the layout of Teotihuacan temples = they are all meant to be seen from above and they needed to be viewed from above in order to make such precise astronomical construction. So yes, the possible “smell” of astrological match is there for the lines as well. And if anons think it’s impossible for flying machinery to exist before recent history….think again anons? How many times we’ve seen already in this thread the idea of FLIGHT present or impersonated by archaeological artifacts? Also just a reminder = Always check the background of the supposed experts?

• Page 423 –

>>11116762

(Please read from the start)

“Purpose

Anthropologists, ethnologists, and archaeologists have studied the ancient Nazca culture to try to determine the purpose of the lines and figures. One hypothesis is that the Nazca people created them to be seen by deities in the sky.

Paul Kosok and Maria Reiche advanced a purpose related to astronomy and cosmology, as has been common in monuments of other ancient cultures: the lines were intended to act as a kind of observatory, to point to the places on the distant horizon where the sun and other celestial bodies rose or set at the solstices. Many prehistoric indigenous cultures in the Americas and elsewhere constructed earthworks that combined such astronomical sighting with their religious cosmology, as did the late Mississippian culture at Cahokia and other sites in present-day United States. Another example is Stonehenge in England. Newgrange in Ireland has tombs that are oriented to admit light at the winter solstice.

Gerald Hawkins and Anthony Aveni, experts in archaeoastronomy, concluded in 1990 that the evidence was insufficient to support such an astronomical explanation.”

>> I agree the Nazca lines are meant to be seen from above as stated before. I agree they are linked to astrology; it’s so obvious. The real question is: WHAT or WHO are those DEITIES that we’re “supposed” to see them from ABOVE?

“Maria Reiche asserted that some or all of the figures represented constellations. By 1998, Phyllis B. Pitluga, a protégé of Reiche and senior astronomer at the Adler Planetarium in Chicago, had concluded that the animal figures were "representations of heavenly shapes." According to The New York Times, Pitluga "contends they are not shapes of constellations, but of what might be called counter constellations, the irregularly-shaped dark patches within the twinkling expanse of the Milky Way."[27] Anthony Aveni criticized her work for failing to account for all the details.”

>> If anons think it’s strange that in the Nazca culture constellation have different shapes and designs than the ones the “western” culture is accustomed to, then please take a look at the Dendera Zodiac (pages 108 – 109) and see how “other” cultures see things differently than what we are used to in the “western” cultures. If you want to understand other cultures anons, you gotta wear their shoes. Sort of speak of course ^_^

“Alberto Rossell Castro (1977) proposed a multi-functional interpretation of the geoglyphs. He classified them into three groups: the first appeared to be tracks connected to irrigation and field division, the second are lines that are axes connected with mounds and cairns, and the third was linked to astronomical interpretations.”

>> Makes perfect sense and this mister seem to be on the right track because not all the designs represent animals. The comment I’ve made before about the lines having astrological meaning was for the zoomorphic ones, mostly. There are some that look like airplane landing fields and some are simply geometrical. So yes, we can put them in different categories. Organizing is good for research.

• Page 424 –