>>11168652

(Please read from the start)

Let’s take a look at the Chincha culture next: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chincha_culture

“The Chincha culture consisted of a Native Peruvian people living near the Pacific Ocean in south west Peru. The Chincha Kingdom and their culture flourished in the Late Intermediate Period (900 CE - 1450 CE), also known as the regional states period of pre-Columbian Peru. They became part of the Inca Empire around 1480. They were prominent as sea-going traders and lived in a large and fertile oasis valley. La Centinela is an archaeological ruin associated with the Chincha. It is located near the present-day city of Chincha Alta.

The Chincha disappeared as a people a few decades after the Spanish conquest of Peru, which began in 1532. They died in large numbers from European diseases and the political chaos which accompanied and followed the Spanish invasion.

[…]”

“Chincha history

Pre-Chincha era

Human beings have lived along the Peruvian coast for at least 10,000 years. The earliest settlers were probably fishermen, exploiting the rich maritime resources of the Humboldt Current. Irrigation agriculture in river valleys developed later. The first settled communities known in the Chincha valley date from about 800 BCE and belong to the Paracas culture.[2] Later, from 100 BCE to 800 CE the Chincha valley was influenced by the Ica-Nazca culture.[3] The Chincha valley was also influenced, and possibly under the control of the Wari empire, from about 500 CE to 1000 CE.

Between the 9th and 10th centuries, there was a shift in the lifestyle and culture of the coastal inhabitants, with different techniques and styles appearing at the shore region. Some scholars claim that the change was the product of a migratory wave of unknown origin, identifying this culture as the "Pre-Chincha" culture. The rudimentary Pre-Chincha culture relied extensively on fishing and shell gathering.”

>> I don’t think the migration was of unknown origine: when we look at how the other sites of the region (previously visited in this thread) got “suddenly emptied”/ abandoned in prior dates; then it’s obvious where the migrants came from. Check things out and try to put two and two together anons. But I also noticed that some people online think that the Chincha predated the Nazca culture and didn’t come after it. So the best thing for anons is to dump chronology and try to figure out which comes first, = putting them in order, by stuying art influence and evolution; like the pottery, architecture, textile and the geoglyph designs. There is also the religious influence that can guide you to know which came before and which culture followed, as well as the migration waves. So if you find many hypothesises about who came first, don’t fret about it and start establishing pottery designs lists (as well as the other fields I’ve mentioned) and then compare them, study them with the other. Sometimes you will find a piece that looks like half way between the 2 cultures, so this means it can be transfer or transition from one culture to another you can find the links there and start building categories and organize everything.

“[…]

The Chincha sea-going "traders" worshiped a star known to them as Chundri, that may have served for navigation.”

>> Which star do you think it is anons? Remember we are in the Southern Hemisphere here.

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>>11187423

(Please read from the start)

“The Chincha ruin of La Centinela was one of the first archaeological sites in Peru to be investigated by archaeologists. The site covers more than 75 hectares (190 acres) and consists of two large pyramids, La Centinela and Tambo de Mora, constructed of adobe and serving as the habitations of the leaders of the Chincha people. The surrounding residential area housed artisans of silver, textiles, wood, and ceramics,[6] although, like most pre-Columbian monumental archaeological sites, the main purpose of La Centinela was probably ceremonial rather than residential or commercial.

A network of roads radiated out from La Centinela, running in straight lines, as was the Andean custom. The roads are still visible. The roads extended east and south of la Centinela and led to outlying ceremonial centers and also facilitated the transportation of goods to the Paracas valley to the south and toward the highlands of the Andes which rise about 20 kilometres (12 mi) inland from La Centinela.

[…]The Chincha like the Chimor and some other Andean cultures used money for commerce.”

>> This is rather interesting. This “straight line” road network got my attention. Usually, when you are in a mountainous region like Peru, we only find straight roads on the coast, while the roads on the mountain slops are usually serpentine roads like the picture I’ve attached with this post.

“Chincha and the Incas

[…]The Chinchas were expanding up and down the coast of Peru and into the Andes highlands at about the same time the Incas were creating their empire in the 14th and 15th centuries.

The Chincha controlled a rich and prominent oracle named Chinchaycamac, probably near La Centinela, which garnered contributions from the Chincha people and others, indicating surpluses of wealth.

The Chinchas were most famous for maritime commerce. […] Some authorities have asserted that the Chincha gained influence and control over much of this maritime trade only late in the fifteenth century. The Incas captured and dismantled the economy of the Chimu in northern Peru about 1470 and gave control of the trade to the Chincha, whose location near the Inca homeland in the highlands made Chincha a convenient entrepot.[12] The source of both the balsa logs for rafts and the Spondylus and Strombus seashells was in Ecuador, 1,400 kilometres (870 mi) to the north, thus strengthening the view that the Chincha had an extensive reach to their trading activities.

The first expedition of the Incas to the Chincha Kingdom was led by the General Capac Yupanqui, Pachacuti's brother, under the rule of the emperor Pachacuti (ruled 1438-71). […]The Chincha had no trouble recognizing the Inca and continue living peacefully in their dominion. The next emperor, Topa Inca Yupanqui (ruled 1471-93) brought the Chincha Kingdom into a true territorial annexation to the empire, but the rulers of Chincha retained much of their political and economic autonomy and their traditional leadership. The Chincha king was required to spend several months each year attending the court of the Inca emperor, although he was given the honors of the highest Inca nobles

[…]

Spanish rule

The Spanish first appeared in the Chincha valley in 1534 and a Dominican Roman Catholic mission was founded by 1542. With the arrival of the Spaniards, the population of Chincha declined precipitously, mostly due to European diseases and political turmoil. Demographers have estimated a 99 percent decline in population in the first 85 years of Spanish rule. Chincha never regained its earlier prominence.”

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