(Please read from the start)
Continuation of page 143.
2 – The second item/place is actually a big set of terracotta mostly found at the site of Naqada also known as Naqada pottery:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naqada
“Naqada (Arabic: , Naqāda, Coptic: Nekatērion[1]) is a town on the west bank of the Nile in Qena Governorate, Egypt. It includes the villages of Tukh, Khatara, Danfiq, and Zawayda. The town is one of few to have had a Coptic majority in 1960[2] and preserved the Coptic language up until 1950s.”
“History and archeology
Naqada stands near the site of a prehistoric Egyptian necropolis: The town was the centre of the cult of Set and large tombs were built there c. 3500 BCE.
The large quantity of remains from Naqada have enabled the dating of the entire archeological period throughout Egypt and environs, hence the town name Naqada is used for the pre-dynastic Naqada culture c. 4400–3000 BCE. Other Naqada culture archeological sites include el Badari, the Gerzeh culture, and Nekhen.”
>> We’ve already seen some of those sites, all pre-dynastic.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naqada_culture
“The Naqada culture is an archaeological culture of Chalcolithic Predynastic Egypt (ca. 4400–3000 BC), named for the town of Naqada, Qena Governorate. A 2013 Oxford University radio carbon dating study of the Predynastic period, however, suggests a much later date beginning sometime between 3,800-3,700 BC.
The final phase of the Naqada culture is Naqada III, which is coterminous with the Protodynastic Period (Early Bronze Age, ca. 3200–3000 BCE) in ancient Egypt.”
[…]
“Monuments and excavations
Predynastic Egyptians in the Naqada I period traded with Nubia to the south, the oases of the western desert to the west, and the cultures of the eastern Mediterranean to the east.[4] They also imported obsidian from Ethiopia to shape blades and other objects from flakes.[5] Charcoal samples found in the tombs of Nekhen, which were dated to the Naqada I and II periods, have been identified as cedar from Lebanon.
Craniometric analysis of predynastic Naqada fossils found that they were closely related to other Afroasiatic-speaking populations inhabiting the Horn of Africa and the Maghreb, as well as to Bronze age and medieval period Nubians and specimens from ancient Jericho. The Naqada skeletons were also morphologically proximate to modern osteological series from Europe and the Indian subcontinent. However, the Naqada fossils and these ancient and recent skeletons were phenotypically distinct from fossils belonging to modern Niger-Congo-speaking populations inhabiting Tropical Africa, as well as from Mesolithic skeletons excavated at Wadi Halfa in the Nile Valley.”
>> So the cedars of Lebanon were traded even before what we saw with the Sumerian – if we follow the chronology given to us about the Naqada I period.
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