The LSO tells the approaching aircraft to call the ball at 3/4mi distance and 600 ft in altitude. In a fighter this is about 10 seconds from landing. Once the aircraft calls the ball with fuel state, the LSO responds "roger ball". The aircraft is now cleared to trap aboard the carrier.
Not sure who Q is addressing either, but calling the ball essentially means you are committed to landing and seconds away from trapping aboard the carrier.
Naval aircraft are committed to landing after calling the ball. They are never supposed to take their own go-around (wave off on their own). Only paddles (LSO) can wave off the landing if the approach doesn't look good.
Naval pilots cannot waive off or abort their own landings. The LSO will not tell the pilot to call the ball unless the approach looks stable and on parameters. If it's fucked up, he will waive the pilot off. Once the pilot calls the ball, he is committed to landing, unless things get hairy, and the LSO waives him off.