Detection of a gammaretrovirus, XMRV, in the human population: Open questions and implications for xenotransplantation

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2841096/

Abstract

XMRV (xenotropic murine leukaemia virus-related virus) is a gammaretrovirus that has been detected in human patients with prostate carcinoma, chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and also in a small percentage of clinically healthy individuals. It is not yet clear whether the distribution of this virus is primarily limited to the USA or whether it is causally associated with human disease. If future investigations confirm a broad distribution of XMRV and its association with disease, this would have an impact on xenotransplantation of porcine tissues and organs. Xenotransplantation is currently being developed to compensate for the increasing shortage of human material for the treatment of tissue and organ failure but could result in the transmission of porcine pathogens. Maintenance of pathogen-free donor animals will dramatically reduce this risk, but some of the porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) found in the genome of all pigs, can produce infectious virus and infect cultured human cells. PERVs are closely related to XMRV so it is critical to develop tests that discriminate between them. Since recombination can occur between viruses, and recombinants can exhibit synergism, recipients should be tested for XMRV before xenotransplantation.

>>9677550

The Human Retrovirus XMRV in Prostate Cancer and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20517289/

Abstract

Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) is an authentic, newly recognized human retrovirus first identified in prostate cancer tissues from men with a deficiency in the innate immunity gene RNASEL. At present, studies have detected XMRV at widely different rates in prostate cancer cases (0-27%) and in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS; 0-67%). Indirect or direct modes of carcinogenesis by XMRV have been suggested depending on whether the virus was found in stroma or malignant epithelium. Viral replication in the prostate might be affected by androgens, which stimulate XMRV through a transcriptional enhancer site in viral DNA. By contrast, host restriction factors, such as APOBEC3 and tetherin, inhibit virus replication. Immune dysfunction mediated by XMRV has been suggested as a possible factor in CFS. Recent studies show that some existing antiretroviral drugs suppress XMRV infections and diagnostic assays are under development. Although other retroviruses of the same genus as XMRV (gammaretroviruses) cause cancer and neurological disease in animals, whether XMRV is a cause of either prostate cancer or CFS remains unknown. Emerging science surrounding XMRV is contributing to our knowledge of retroviral infections while focusing intense interest on two major human diseases.

The saga of XMRV: a virus that infects human cells but is not a human virus

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1038/emi.2014.25

Abstract

Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) was discovered in 2006 in a search for a viral etiology of human prostate cancer (PC). Substantial interest in XMRV as a potentially new pathogenic human retrovirus was driven by reports that XMRV could be detected in a significant percentage of PC samples, and also in tissues from patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). After considerable controversy, etiologic links between XMRV and these two diseases were disproven. XMRV was determined to have arisen during passage of a human PC tumor in immunocompromised nude mice, by activation and recombination between two endogenous murine leukemia viruses from cells of the mouse. The resulting XMRV had a xentropic host range, which allowed it replicate in the human tumor cells in the xenograft. This review describes the discovery of XMRV, and the molecular and virological events leading to its formation, XMRV infection in animal models and biological effects on infected cells. Lessons from XMRV for other searches of viral etiologies of cancer are discussed, as well as cautions for researchers working on human tumors or cell lines that have been passed through nude mice, includingpotential biohazards associated with XMRV or other similar xenotropic murine leukemia viruses (MLVs).

>>9677634

Disease-associated XMRV Sequences Are Consistent With Laboratory Contamination

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21171979/

Abstract

Background: Xenotropic murine leukaemia viruses (MLV-X) are endogenous gammaretroviruses that infect cells from many species, including humans. Xenotropic murine leukaemia virus-related virus (XMRV) is a retrovirus that has been the subject of intense debate since its detection in samples from humans with prostate cancer (PC) and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Controversy has arisen from the failure of some studies to detect XMRV in PC or CFS patients and from inconsistent detection of XMRV in healthy controls.

Results: Here we demonstrate that Taqman PCR primers previously described as XMRV-specific can amplify common murine endogenous viral sequences from mouse suggesting that mouse DNA can contaminate patient samples and confound specific XMRV detection. To consider the provenance of XMRV we sequenced XMRV from the cell line 22Rv1, which is infected with an MLV-X that is indistinguishable from patient derived XMRV. Bayesian phylogenies clearly show that XMRV sequences reportedly derived from unlinked patients form a monophyletic clade with interspersed 22Rv1 clones (posterior probability >0.99). The cell line-derived sequences are ancestral to the patient-derived sequences (posterior probability >0.99). Furthermore, pol sequences apparently amplified from PC patient material (VP29 and VP184) are recombinants of XMRV and Moloney MLV (MoMLV) a virus with an envelope that lacks tropism for human cells. Considering the diversity of XMRV we show that the mean pairwise genetic distance among env and pol 22Rv1-derived sequences exceeds that of patient-associated sequences (Wilcoxon rank sum test: p = 0.005 and p < 0.001 for pol and env, respectively). Thus XMRV sequences acquire diversity in a cell line but not in patient samples. These observations are difficult to reconcile with the hypothesis that published XMRV sequences are related by a process of infectious transmission.

Conclusions: We provide several independent lines of evidence that XMRV detected by sensitive PCR methods in patient samples is the likely result of PCR contamination with mouse DNA and that the described clones of XMRV arose from the tumour cell line 22Rv1, which was probably infected with XMRV during xenografting in mice. We propose that XMRV might not be a genuine human pathogen.

Retrovirus & Lyme/MSIDS Role in COVID-19? Facemasks are Immunosuppressive

https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2020/05/04/retroviral-lyme-msids-role-in-covid-19-facemasks-are-immunosuppressive/

THIS IS PROBABLY ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT ARTICLES ON COVID-19 I’VE POSTED.

While mainstream medicine and particularly the media confidently blame COVID-19 for every symptom under the sun, the jury is still out on what exactly is causing illness. Since accurate testing was not available in the beginning, a lot of guesswork has been going on. Microbiologist Judy Mikovitz is highly qualified to discuss the matter. Mikovitz calls it the “so-called SARS-CoV-2′ virus. The reason for this is a singular virus does not explain what is being seen in patients.

IF SARS-COV-2 WAS TRULY THE SOLE PERP OF COVID-19, EVERYONE GETTING IT SHOULD BECOME SICK, BUT THEY DON’T.

In the first video (please watch) at about 2:30 Mikovitz mentions Chronic Lyme and the fact many are coinfected with numerous pathogens. She explains this could very well be the reason hydroxychloroquin/Plaquenil and Z-packs are working so well in COVID-19 patients. She also discusses retroviral involvement.

Lastly, Mikovitz says she wants to see the autopsy results of all the people being labeled as dying from COVID-19.

>>9677704

>>9677564

How's this for a Boogaloo?

For the Boogaloo illiterate

These are the Loyalists to the British crown

Who do not want Ulster

To join the Republic of Ireland

The sentiment of Zapata

Seems to have found favor

Among these Men of the North

>>9677832

>>9677830

No man is an island entire of itself; every man

is a piece of the continent, a part of the main;

if a clod be washed away by the sea, Europe

is the less, as well as if a promontory were, as

well as any manner of thy friends or of thine

own were; any man's death diminishes me,

because I am involved in mankind.

And therefore never send to know

for whom the bell tolls; it tolls for thee.

Maybe you should go back and listen carefully

To her speech at the UN last year

Because you know that it was written for her

And the people who wrote it

HAD A PLAN!!!!for you and yours

She was warning you.

But did you listen to what she was really saying

Underneath the climate change nonsense?

>>9677751

You can only do your own investigation

Who are you gonna trust?

Some anonymous poster on the Internet?

If you say YES, then you are part of the problem

There are no right answers

Life is like that.