The "central" algorithm for Google is PageRank. Digging into the origins of this could reveal some interesting players.
Also note in the history of PR that a similar patent around the same time ended up in China (Baidu).
https:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PageRank
People don't realize how amazing the technology was when google.com first launched.
Enter a string of characters from any page on the internet and get exact results back in MILLISECONDS.