>>9877137 (PB)
The "Encyclopedia of the Cold War" states: "[The KGB's] real work was subversion -active worldwide measures, including criminal, to weaken the West economically, military, and psychologically, to sow discord among Western allies, undermine the United States making it vulnerable, and to destroy opposition to the Soviet regime in the USSR and East European countries." The same source reports that the KGB's annual budget for the 1980s was estimated to be in excess of $10 billion and that approximately 500'000 people worked for the agency, with only 90'000 in intelligence and counterintelligence [1].
But according to former KGB agent Yuri Bezmenov, only 15% of the annual budget was dedicated to espionage. 85% was to be used in support of active measures instead. Bezmenov has always urged the US not to underestimate the significance and apparent success of Soviet efforts in subversion [2].
The CIA has a copy of Special Report No. 88 (October 1981) from the US Dept of State in it's archive, where it lists a number of Soviet subversion techniques, as they were known to the US government at the time [3]:
-
Efforts to Manipulate the Press in Foreign Countries
-
Forgeries
-
Disinformation
-
Control of International and Local Front Organizations
-
Clandestine Radio Stations
-
Economic Manipulation
-
Political Influence Operations
-
Use of Academicians and Journalists
-- TBC...