>>9920546 lb

Zinc Ionophore Activity of Quercetin and Epigallocatechin-gallate: From Hepa 1-6 Cells to a Liposome Model

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/jf5014633

Abstract

Labile zinc, a tiny fraction of total intracellular zinc that is loosely bound to proteins and easily interchangeable, modulates the activity of numerous signaling and metabolic pathways. Dietary plant polyphenols such as the flavonoids quercetin (QCT) and epigallocatechin-gallate act as antioxidants and as signaling molecules. Remarkably, the activities of numerous enzymes that are targeted by polyphenols are dependent on zinc. We have previously shown that these polyphenols chelate zinc cations and hypothesized that these flavonoids might be also acting as zinc ionophores, transporting zinc cations through the plasma membrane. To prove this hypothesis, herein, we have demonstrated the capacity of QCT and epigallocatechin-gallate to rapidly increase labile zinc in mouse hepatocarcinoma Hepa 1-6 cells as well as, for the first time, in liposomes. In order to confirm that the polyphenols transport zinc cations across the plasma membrane independently of plasma membrane zinc transporters, QCT, epigallocatechin-gallate, or clioquinol (CQ), alone and combined with zinc, were added to unilamellar dipalmitoylphosphocholine/cholesterol liposomes loaded with membrane-impermeant FluoZin-3. Only the combinations of the chelators with zinc triggered a rapid increase of FluoZin-3 fluorescence within the liposomes, thus demonstrating the ionophore action of QCT, epigallocatechin-gallate, and CQ on lipid membrane systems. The ionophore activity of dietary polyphenols may underlay the raising of labile zinc levels triggered in cells by polyphenols and thus many of their biological actions.

>>9921625

EGCG (Epigallocatechin Gallate): Benefits, Dosage, and Safety

https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/egcg-epigallocatechin-gallate

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a unique plant compound that gets a lot of attention for its potential positive impact on health.

It’s thought to reduce inflammation, aid weight loss, and help prevent heart and brain disease.

This article reviews EGCG, including its health benefits and possible side effects

What is EGCG?

Formally known as epigallocatechin gallate, EGCG is a type of plant-based compound called catechin. Catechins may be further categorized into a larger group of plant compounds known as polyphenols

EGCG and other related catechins act as potent antioxidants that may protect against cellular damage caused by free radicals

Free radicals are highly reactive particles formed in your body that can damage your cells when their numbers get too high. Eating foods high in antioxidants like catechins may help limit free radical damage.

Additionally, research suggests that catechins like EGCG may reduce inflammation and prevent certain chronic conditions, including heart disease, diabetes, and some cancers

EGCG exists naturally in several plant-based foods but is also available as a dietary supplement usually sold in the form of an extract.

EGCG is probably best known for its role as the major active compound in green tea.

In fact, the numerous health benefits associated with drinking green tea are typically credited to its EGCG content

Drink string green tea (a zinc ionophore) with zinc and vitamin C

New Insights Into the Mechanisms of Polyphenols Beyond Antioxidant Properties; Lessons From the Green Tea Polyphenol, Epigallocatechin 3-gallate

Abstract

Green tea is rich in polyphenol flavonoids including catechins. Epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant and potent green tea catechin. EGCG has been extensively studied for its beneficial health effects as a nutriceutical agent. Based upon its chemical structure, EGCG is often classified as an antioxidant. However, treatment of cells with EGCG results in production of hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals in the presence of Fe (III). Thus, EGCG functions as a pro-oxidant in some cellular contexts. Recent investigations have revealed many other direct actions of EGCG that are independent from anti-oxidative mechanisms. In this review, we discuss these novel molecular mechanisms of action for EGCG. In particular, EGCG directly interacts with proteins and phospholipids in the plasma membrane and regulates signal transduction pathways, transcription factors, DNA methylation, mitochondrial function, and autophagy to exert many of its beneficial biological actions.

>>9921680

WHO is it that so badly wants to cover up the role of ZINC in curing COVID that they hide my scientific article post in the middle of a bunch of obvious shills?

Inquiring minds want to know!!!

>>9921730

What COVID-19 therapy is the real “Game-Changer”?

— Hydroxychloroquine or Zinc?

https://medium.com/@hotvpc/what-therapy-is-the-real-game-changer-cebc8838d447

There has been a tremendous amount of buzz regarding the use of hydroxychloroquine (HC) for the treatment of COVID-19. This has been touted as everything from a “game-changer” and “a gift from God” to begin mostly dismissed for lack of convincing evidence. The skeptics, me being one, have cited the majority of the literature demonstrating negative outcomes. Nonetheless, the pressure to forego formal clinical trials and urgently employ the drug in the face of many impending deaths of an epidemic has been enormous and completely understandable.

A survey reported 2 days ago of doctors around the world who have been managing COVID-19 patients place it as “the most effective coronavirus treatment” to date. The survey, conducted by Sermo, a global health care polling company, asked 6,227 physicians in 30 countries to find out what is the most effective against SARS-CoV-2.

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Despite the lack of compelling clinical evidence, it’s understandable the interest in HC given the presumed mechanism of action to stop viral replication. Chloroquine analogs (quinolines) have been shown to inhibit the acidification of endosomes and to exhibit in vitro a non-specific antiviral activity at high micromolar concentration against a broad range of emerging virus (HIV, dengue, hepatitis C, chikungunya, influenza, Ebola, SARS and MERS viruses) and more recently COVID-19. Furthermore, all the clinical studies are being performed on hospitalized sick patients and the question still remains whether such a therapy would have a more significant effect if started early in the illness or even prophylactically before the onset of the illness.

Hydroxychloroquine and Zinc

Aside from these clinical trials of various quality and weak or negative outcomes, there have been two recent striking clinical observations by clinicians that have played powerfully in the media because of the obviously striking outcomes. These are not clinical trials but rather anecdotal observations of larger populations of patients treated for presumed COVID-19 infections and they did not involve just hydroxychloroquine alone. But just because they are not rigorous clinical trials shouldn’t mean we should discard any clinical benefit that is so obvious that we don’t need a statistical analysis to reveal it particularly if corroborating reports are coming in from multiple observers.

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Reconciling the negative trials versus dramatic clinical observations

So how do we reconcile the negative clinical trials of HC with the dramatic clinical observations made by these two clinicians? One point that Dr. Cardillo made very clear was that those patients he treated with HC alone, did not respond. It was clear to him that zinc supplementation was needed to have the dramatic effect he saw. Indeed, the one commonality between Dr. Zelenko’s regimen of HC/Azithromycin/Zinc and Dr. Cardillo’s HC/Zinc besides HC is Zinc. So maybe the real hero is zinc. Maybe HC is just a doorman assisting the irreplaceable zinc but there are many other doormen out there that can help just as well.

By the way, these doctors are not the first to consider the combination of HC with zinc. There is currently an ongoing clinical trial in Turkey to look at the efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine with zinc in the management of COVID-19.